Karnekampia sulcata (Müller, 1776)
MÜLLER, O. F. 1776. Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum, characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. xxxii, 281 p. Hallageriis,
Havniae [Copenhagen]. [p. 248]
1776 Pecten sulcatus Müller, 1776
1791 Ostrea arata Gmelin, 1791
1826 Pecten bruei Payraudeau, 1826
1853 Pecten idaeus Reeve, 1853
1866 Pecten leptogaster Brusina, 1866
1791 Ostrea arata Gmelin, 1791
1826 Pecten bruei Payraudeau, 1826
1853 Pecten idaeus Reeve, 1853
1866 Pecten leptogaster Brusina, 1866
«Type material
Pecten sulcatus: probably lost, not traced in ZMC (T. Schiøtte, personal communication). Type locality See Palliolum striatum. [Although Müller (1776) did not indicate a locality for this species, it is most likely that the type material was collected from the Oslofjord (Norway), at that time belonging to Denmark (see Soot-Ryen)] Distribution The eastern Atlantic, all around Iceland (except the north-eastern coast, HL), the Norwegian coast from Andfjorden (69º10'N; SMNH), southwards to the Madeira Archipelago, and into the Mediterranean Sea. It lives in sublittoral to upper bathyal depths on current-swept bottoms, byssally attached to rocks or amongst gravel and/or rubble. It is one of the most common bivalves on North-east Atlantic Lophelia reefs, where it lives attached to coral debris. BIOICE material alive at 31 stations in 98-922 m (map 4). Description Shell (Figures 18A-D) up to ca. 30 mm high, weakly convex, left valve somewhat more convex than right one, slightly higher than long, anterior auricles much larger and longer than posterior ones, umbonal angle ca. 90º, colour variable, usually uniform deep red, orange, yellow or rarely white, occasionally with commarginal stripes. Prodissoconch 1, length 110 μm, prodissoconch 2, length 310 μm (Figure 13A), colour white. Left valve (Figures 18A, C) sculptured qith 15-40, irregulary spaced, primary ribs, often hollow sometimes more solid, with tubercles, spines or lamellae. Intercacalated secondary radial riblets commence on central part of the disc. Primary and secondary ribs sometimes of almost equal size and spacing. Right valve (Figures 18B, D), with clustered or equally sopaced ribs. Antimarginal micro-sculpture present laterallyand on auricles, absent from anterior auricle of right valve. Auricles with 3-6 radial riblets ans conmarginal riblets in early growth stage on anterior auricle left valve. Hinge line straight. Byssal notch moderately deep, byssal fasciole broad. Active ctenolium well-developed with 4-6 teeth. Remarks Jensen (1912) and Madsen (1949) recorded Pseudoamussium sulcatum from Iceland under the absolute synonymous name Pecten aratus. Pecten bruei was based on Mediterranean specimens with more developed groups of ribs. This form intergrades with Atlantic sulcata, and we can see no possibility to separate them morphologically (see Dijkstra & Gofas 2004).» DIJKSTRA, H. H., A. WARÉN & G. GUDMUNSSON. 2009. Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Iceland. Marine Biology Research, 5: 207-243. [p. 232, 233]
|
Pseudamussium sulcatum (Müller, 1776); H. H. Dijkstra, A. Warén & G. Gudmunsson, 2009, Pectinoidea from Iceland, figures 13A, 18A-18D.
|
«Some authors consider P. sulcatum and P. bruei as distinct species (Nordsieck 1969; Wagner 1991), but both species are strongly variable of sculpture and completely intergrade. Specimens collected on Galicia Bank tend to intergrade also with P. alicei (see discussion under that species).»
DIJKSTRA, H. H. & S. GOFAS. 2004. Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from some northeastern Atlantic seamounts. Sarsia, 89: 33-78. [p. 65]
|
Pseudamussium sulcatum (Müller, 1776); H. H. Dijkstra & S. Gofas, 2004, Pectinoidea from some northeastern Atlantic seamounts, figures 19A-D.
|
«The present species is closely related to P. lilli (see above), which is also known from the Petaloconchus level (Kattendijk Formation) at Kallo. Both taxa have shell shape and widely variable ornament in common, often with scales in intercostal areas; tubercles can occur in younger growth stages, which holds especially true for 'forma scissus' of P. lilli. However, in P. lilli there is a tendency for radial ribs to form larger clusters; moreover, ribs are hollow in left and right valves. Pseudamussium lilli and P. sulcatum could well form an evolutionary lineage.
Wood (1851) described and illustrated as Pecten Bruei a specimen from the Coralline Crag (Early Pliocene) of Sutton (East Anglia, United Kingdom). There are no records from the Pliocene of the Netherlands. Yera-Peláez et al. (7995) recorded P. sulcatum from the Early Pliocene (Zanclean) of Malaga (Spain), while Glibert & van de Poel (1965) mentioned Pliocene (Astian) material from Millas, Roussillon (France). Roger (1939) reported its occurrence in the Italian Pliocene, and considered Chlamys (Flexopecten) ampferi Kautsky, 1928 (p. 262, pl. 7, fig. 8) from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Steinabrunn (Austria) to be a junior synonym of P. sulcatum. However, more material is needed to decide whether this form should be assigned to P. sulcatum, or rather to P. lilli.» MARQUET, R. & H. H. DIJKSTRA. 2000. Pliocene species of Aequipecten (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pectinidae) from the North Sea Basin. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 37 (3.4): 39-55. [p. 50]
|
Pecten bruei; S.V. Wood, 1851-1860, A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca Vol II, plate 5, figures 3a, 3b.
|
«Remarks. — Karnekampia can be distinguished from both Chlamys s.s. and Manupecten by the presence of hollow ribs on the left valve. The sculpture in Chlamys s.s. consists of squamae, while Karnekampia has tubercles. Generally the shells of Chlamys s.s. are also more solid. Manupecten is characterized by a shagreen pattern covering the whole shell (including the upper surface of the ribs). It only has tubercles on the auricles, which are much larger than in Karnekampia. Lucas (1979: 9) earlier pointed out that "Chlamys" bruei is clearly different from Chlamys s. s. He thought of proposing a new generic name for it, Porosichlamys, but directly rejects the idea, thereby creating the proposed name as a publication in synonymy according to art. 11e of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Dr. L. B. Holthuis, personal communication). Lucas (op. cit.) also relegated K. sulcata to the synonymy of K. bruei, as was done by previous authors. Indeed, a mix-up has often occurred in the literature regarding both species, but they can be distinguished morphologically (Wagner, in prep.). Geographically both species are also isolated; K. bruei is restricted to the Mediterranean and the adjacent part in the Atlantic Ocean (from the Bank of Galicia south to NW. Africa), while K. sulcata is only found in the Arctic Ocean, Norway, Iceland, Faroër Islands, Shetland Islands, north coast of Scotland, the Irish Sea and Helgoland.»
WAGNER, H. P. 1988. The status of four scallop species (Mollusca; Bivalvia; Pectinidae), with description of a new genus. Basteria, 52: 41-44, figs. 1-3. [p. 42]
|
H. P. Wagner, 1988, The status of four scallop species. Karnekampia bruei (Payraudeau, 1826), figure 1; Karnekampia sulcata (Müller, 1776), figure 2; Karnekampia gilchristi (Sowerby 3rd, 1904), figure 3.
|