Spondylus echinatus (Morton, 1835)
MORTON, S. G. 1835. Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous group of the United States, additional observations. Key and Biddle. Philadelphia. [unnumbered, additional observations 4]
1835. Plagiostoma echinatum Morton 1835
1853 Spondylus capax Conrad, 1853
1853 Spondylus capax Conrad, 1853
Spondylus capax, Nimrod Woodward's farm, N. J.; T. A. Conrad, 1853, Descriptions of new fossil shells of the United States, plate 24, figure 8.
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«IV.
During a recent excursion among the arenaceous strata of New Jersey, by Mr. Conrad and myself, we found the Terebratula lachryma, (hitherto observed only in the Upper division,) in the argillo-ferruginous sand at Woodward's farm, in Monmouth county. The same locality furnished us with a new species of PLAGIOSTOMA.
Plagiostoma echinatum, (S. G. M.) Shell ovate, very ventricose, with a few concentric furrows on the inferior half; ribs numerous, narrow, aculeated above, six or seven of the costae armed with slender oblique elongated spines.»
SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, 1935
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«Spondylus (S.) siccus can be differentiated from S. (S.) echinatus (Morton, 1835), the only other described Late Cretaceous Gulf or Atlantic Coast Spondylus species, by the latter having a broad, low right valve with very large attachment surface, and a greater number of secondary radials (4 to 5) between the primaries on the left valve.»
ELDER, W. P. 1996. Bivalves and gastropods from the Middle Campanian Anacacho Limestone, south central Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 70 (2): 247-271, figs. 1-8. [p. 256]
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«Range in New Jersey.--
DIT. LAUREL-NAVESINK: 39, 41, 43, 53, 58 TINTON: 63 Type.— (S. capax) Woodwards Farm, Monmouth Co. ANSP 18713»
RICHARDS, H. G. 1958. Cretaceous Pelecypoda of New Jersey. In H. G. Richards et al., 1958, The Cretaceous Fossils of New Jersey, Part I: 59-266, pls. 10-46. Paleontology Series. New Jersey Geological Survey. [p. 141]
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Dianchora echinata (Morton), Woodmans farm, Monmouth County, N.J., ANSP 18713; H. G. Richards, 1958, Cretaceous Pelecypoda of New Jersey, plate 24, figures 7, 8.
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«Remarks.-- This species is a rare form restricted to the Navesink fauna, the lower valves usually being attached to the interior surface of the shells of Gryphaea convexa. At Mullica Hill the casts of this species have been observed more commonly than at any other locality. The upper free valve does not always have the larger, spine-bearing ribs so conspicuously developed as in the type of the species illustrated by Whitfield. In some specimens the ribs are of essentially uniform size throughout, and in others the larger ones are only moderately developed. The type specimen seems to be rather exceptional in its conspicuous development of the larger ribs.»
WELLER, S. 1907. A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey. Geological Survey of New Jersey, Paleontology Series, 4: ix, 871 p., pls. 1-111. [p. 488]
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Dianchora echinata (Morton); S. Weller, 1907, A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey, plate 53, figures 4-6; plate 54, figures 1, 2.
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«Shell below medium size, subcircular or very broad-ovate in general outline, and with a very highly convex or gibbous free valve. Lower valve fixed to foreign substances, and often by nearly its entire surface, and conforming in depth to the surface to which it is affixed, or nearly so. Or when more concave the space between the margin of the shell and the object to which it is attached is filled up with shelly matter formed in the same manner as the spines of the valves. The cardinal portion of the valve is open, forming a broad triangular foramen the entire width of the valve at this point, the margins of the foramen being sharp, no hinge-teeth or cardinal area existing. The interior of the valve is strongly marked by moderately fine striae or ribs, which are flattened on their surfaces; muscular imprints not observable. Upper valve ver}^ ventricose and strongly arcuate, the beak thin and sharply incurved. Hinge open as in the lower valve, the cardinal angles spread outward in the form of auriculations to meet those of the opposite valve. The sides of the valve are sharply bent inward on a line from the beak to the point of greatest width, forming a hiatus on each side between the body of the valve and the auriculation, as in the genus Janira. Surface of the valve marked by strong, closely compact, radiating ribs; every fifth or sixth one of which is stronger than the others, and bears short, sharp, curved spines, some of which are nearly one-fourth of an inch long, while the others are only rugose from the concentric lamella which cross them. On the depressed spaces on the sides of the valve there are no radii, the concentric lines only being present. Substance of the shell thin in the cardinal portions and much thickened toward the front. Interior of the valve marked by the radii, and the thickened front margin strongly crenulate.
A single highly decomposed specimen of Spondylus-like shell, in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, may possibly belong to this species, but its condition is such that its specific relations are not determinable, and in a short time more it will have crumbled. It shows no evidence of having been attached, however; the lower valve is moderately convex and the upper one rather more ventricose; the area or cardinal parts of both valves are beyond description, but the valves are both marked by rays and spines, as are the upper valves of this one. It may possibly represent an undescribed form, but looks like a specimen of the D. echinata that had been entirely free except perhaps in its earlier stages of growth. Formation and locality.— In the Lower Green Marls at Holmdel, Freehold, and on Mr. Woodward's farm, Monmouth County, New Jersey. It does not seem to be abundant anywhere, and so far I have never seen a perfect upper valve of even medium size. The imperfect upper valve figured is from the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and is without locality further than "N. Jersey."»
WHITFIELD, R. P. 1885. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey. Monographs of the United States Geological Survey, 9: xx, 338 p., pls. 1-35 (Also published by New Jersey Geol. Survey, 1886). [p. 59, 60]
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Dianchora echinata Morton; R. P. Whitfield, 1885, Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan clays and greensand marls of New Jersey, plate 10, figures 3-9.
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