Gigantopecten nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch, 1837)
PUSCH, G. G. 1837. Polens Paläontologie oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der vorzfigiischsten und der noch unbeschriebenen Petrefakten aus den Gebirgsformationen in Polen, Volhynien und den Karpathen. E. Schweizerbart édit., Stuttgart : 218 p. [p. 42, pl. 5, figs. 9a-b, 9c]
1837 Pecten nodosiformis de Serres in Pusch, 1837
1881 Pecten ponzii Meli, 1881
1905 Pecten Melii Ugolini, 1905
1906 Chlamys (Flexopecten) sardous Ugolini, 1906
1906 Chlamys (Lyropecten) nodosiformis var. miocostulata Ugolini, 1906
1928 Pecten (Oopecten) latissimus var. austriaca Kautsky, 1928
1881 Pecten ponzii Meli, 1881
1905 Pecten Melii Ugolini, 1905
1906 Chlamys (Flexopecten) sardous Ugolini, 1906
1906 Chlamys (Lyropecten) nodosiformis var. miocostulata Ugolini, 1906
1928 Pecten (Oopecten) latissimus var. austriaca Kautsky, 1928
G. G. Pusch, 1837, plate 5.
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«Testa magna rotundata, aequivalvis, utrinque ventricoso-convexa, transversim subtiliter squamuloso-striata, costis novemlatis, quadriradiatis, juxta rostrum nodulis pisiformibus, occupatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter plicatis; rostro rectangulo; auriculis magnis aequalibus, rectangulis, longitudinaliter striatis.
Dieser mit den beiden geschlossenen Schaalen vortreftlich erhaltene Pektinit von sehr ansehnlicher Grösse, indem meine Exemplare: 130 MilI. oder etwa 5½ Zoll Länge von den Schnäbeln bis zum untern Rand und 126 Millim. oder etwa 5 Zoll grösster Breite messen (wesshalb ich dieselben auch nur in 1/16 der natürlichen Grösse habe abbilden lassen) ist dem lebenden P. nodosus Gm. sehr ähnlich. M. de Serres hat ihn ebenfalls im südlichen Frankreich gefunden und nodosiformis genannt, ohne ihn abbzubilden. Meine Abbildungen Fig. a, b, von der Bauchseite und von der Randkante angesehen, stellen die gewöhnliche Spielart sehr genau dar. Sie ist sehr ausgezeichnet durch die auf den 9 breiten, viertheiligen Rippen aufgewachsenen erbsenförmigen Knoten, welche fast stets nur nahe den Schnäbeln stehen, seltner einzeln auf dem untem Theil der Rippen aufsitzen. Zuweilen verschwinden diese Knoten fast ganz, und diess ist eine zweite Spielart, die ich auf Fig. c noch einmal von der innern Seite habe abbilden lassen. Diese innere Seite ist glatt, und nur am Rand erschienen die Einbiegungen der 9 breiten Rippen auf jeder Seite mit einer erhabenen Randleiste. Man kann diese Varietät zuweilen mit P. laticostatus Lam. verwechseln.» MARCEL DE SERRES IN GEORGE GOTTLIEB PUSCH, 1837
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«The Pusch’s collection that contained hundreds invertebrate species, tens vertebrate taxa and fossil flora from Paleozoic to Cenozoic deposits of the Kingdom of Poland had been stored at the Mineralogical Cabinet, Imperial University of Warsaw (Trejdosiewicz 1883: 89). At the beginning of 20th century this collection comprising approx. 3 700 specimens (Kleczkowski 1974: 67–70, 103) included only young specimens of Gigantopecten nodosiformis from Skotniki (Friedberg 1936: 217).
This priceless collection of fossils was destroyed mid-September 1939, during the bombardment of Warsaw (Kiepura 1984: 340). It should be added that since 1820s’ none other specimens of Gigantopecten nodosiformis have been found in its type locality. The only photographs of its articulated shell from Skotniki were published by Roger in his monograph on the genus Chlamys (1939: Pl. 28, Figs 1, 1a, as Chlamys latissima Br. var. nodosiformis Pusch; its copy shown on Figs. 2. 2A, 2B).
Subsequently, however, the name Pecten nodosiformis has been shown to be a junior synonym of Pecten latissimus (Brocchi, 1814) by Hörnes (1867: 395–397). Based on Hörnes’ authority many authors (e.g., Roemer 1870; Friedberg 1903, 1936; Gołąb 1932; Krach 1947) classified specimens indistinguishable from those ascribed by Pusch to Pecten nodosiformis as Chlamys latissima.
In contrast to the statement of Hörnes (1867), Roger (1939), on the basis of abundant European material, regarded Pecten nodosiformis as one of four morphological varieties of Chlamys latissima. According to Roger (1939), the variety latissima occurs exclusively in the Lower Pliocene of the Mediterranean and, in the part, the Atlantic-Boreal bioprovinces, while the remaining three varieties i.e. apollo Dollfus et Dautzenberg, nodosiformis de Serres and restitutensis Fontannes confined to the Miocene. The latter concept of Pecten nodosiformis was accepted by Csepreghy-Meznerics (1960), Nicorici (1977), Švagrovský (1981), and Studencka and Studencki (1988).
Recently, Pusch’s species nodosiformis is considered as not being a part of the large species Chlamys latissima Brocchi, but as representing its ancestral form (e.g. Bongrain 1988; Studencka 1999; Schultz 2001; Mandic 2004). Moreover, its generic attribution changed through time. For details see Glibert and van de Poel (1956), Hertlein (1969), Freneix et al. (1987), Bongrain (1988), Mandic (2004), Waller and Bongrain (2006), and Bouchet (2007).
The presence of Gigantopecten nodosiformis in both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean provinces is confirmed at least since early Miocene. It has been documented in the middle Burdigalian of southern France (Roger 1939) and in the Burdigalian of the Lower Tagus Basin, Portugal (da Veiga Ferreira 1961). In the Mediterranean it has been reported from the Burdigalian of northern Italy (Roger 1939). It is also known from the early Miocene of the Paratethys. Its presence was documented in the late Karpatian of southwestern Moravia, Austria and Hungary (Báldi and Seneš 1975) and earliest Badenian of Austria (Mandic 2004). In middle Miocene Gigantopecten nodosiformis was widespread ranging along the Atlantic coast of Portugal to the Mediterranean (Italy, Sardinia, Syria and Turkey) and the Central Paratethys (records and synonyms in Schultz 2001).» STUDENCKA, B. 2019. Note on Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch, 1837), the logo of the 8th International Workshop on Neogene of Central and South-Eastern Europe. NCSEE 2019, 8th International Workshop on Neogene of Central and South-Eastern Europe. Abstract Volume, 11-16. Chęciny, Poland. [p. 12, 13]
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Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch, 1837); B. Studencka, 2019, Note on Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch, 1837), the logo of the 8th International Workshop on Neogene of Central and South-Eastern Europe, figure 2.
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«Remark: This characteristic species resembles somewhat the Macrochlamis holgeri (Geinitz) from the Eggenburgian deposits of Lower Austria. The latter species, however, never develops node series on rib tops.
The generic designation follows the argumentation of Smith (1991) regarding Gigantopecten for the junior synonym of Macrochlamis (see Chapter — Faunal composition and taxonomic revisions). Stratigr./Geogr. range: It is typical and common throughout the Badenian (cf. Schultz 2001). Its record from the deposits underlying the "Grund Horizon" of the Várpalota Basin, discussed above in the text, is Karpatian to Early Badenian in age. Its first occurrence in the Mediterranean to NE Atlantic region is in the Late Burdigalian. The species is correspondingly commonly present there in the Middle and also in the Late Miocene. In the Late Miocene (Roger 1939) or Pliocene (Bongrain 1992) it gets replaced by the Macrochlamis latissima.»
MANDIC, O. 2004. Pectinid bivalves from the Grund Formation (Lower Badenian, Middle Miocene, Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep) - Taxonomic revision and stratigraphic revision. Geologica Carphatica, 55 (2): 129-146, figs. 1-7. [p. 142]
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Macrochlamis nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch); O. Mandic, 2004, Pectinid bivalves from the Grund Formation (Lower Badenian, Middle Miocene, Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep) - Taxonomic revision and stratigraphic revision , figures 6.1, 6.2.
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«REMARKS: The specimens from Skotniki near Busko had been originally attributed by PUSCH (1837) to the species Pecten nodosiformis de SERRES. Subsequently, however, the specimens indistinguishable from these described by PUSCH (1837) were usually referred to either Chlamys latissima (BROCCHI), or Chlamys latissima nodosiformis (de SERRES in PUSCH). In the former case, the name P. nodosiformis was regarded as a younger synonym of Ch. latissima (cf. HÖRNES 1867, pp. 395-397; FRIEDBERG 1936, pp. 215-217; MALATESTA 1974, pp. 51-53); in the latter, P. nodosiformis was thought to represent the subspecies of Ch. latissima (CSEPREGHY-MEZNERICS 1960, p. 33; GLIBERT & VAN de POEL 1965, p. 17; NICORlCl 1977, pp. 132-133). The latter opinion follows the statement of ROGER (1939) who, based on abundant material from all European Neogene bioprovinces, ascertained validity of four morphological varieties of the species latissima: latissima BROCCHl, apollo DOLLFUS & DAUTZENBERG, nodosiformis de SERRES, and restitutensis FONTANNES. According to ROGER (1939), the variety latissima occurs exclusively in the Lower Pliocene of the Mediterranean and, in part, Atlantie-Boreal bioprovinces, while the remaining three varieties occur in the Miocene: restitutensis in the Burdigalian of the Rhone valley, Langhian of northern Italy and Aquitaine; apollo in the Upper Miocene of Anjou (France, Atlantic-Boreal bioprovince); nodosiformis in the Burdigalian of southern France and northern Italy, Langhian of Italy, Sardinia and Syria, and Badenian of the Vienna Basin and Poland.
Later studies by da VEIGA FERREIRA (1951, 1961) and DEMARCQ (1979a) have evidenced the occurrence of the form nodosiformis also in the Burdigalian and Langhian of Portugal, and its invariable co-occurrence with the form restitutensis in both Portugal and southern France. On the other hand, CSEPREGHY-MEZNERlCS (1960), NICORlCI (1977), and Dr. G. JAKUBOWSKI (personal communication) observed predominance of the form nodosiformis in the Badenian populations, the form latissima being rare or lacking at all. As a consequence, the form nodosiformis is here considered as being not only a part of the large species Ch. latissima BROCCHl, which conforms to ROGER's (1939) statement, but also as representing the temporal subspecies of the latter. All populations of this species from the Pliocene should then be assigned to Ch. latissima latissima BROCCHl, while those from the older strata (i.e. Burdigalian, Langhian, Badenian) to Ch. l. nodosiformis (de SERRES in PUSCH). This conclusion is supported by the following arguments: (i) Both the forms are confmed to the same facies, i.e. red-algal, more or less organodetrital limestones; (ii) the features typical of Ch. I. nodosiformis (de SERRES in PUSCH), i.e. nodules on the left valve, prominent main ribs and presence of lateral ribs, are visible also in the immature stages of Ch. I. latissima BROCCHI; (iii) the Miocene populations are dominated by individuals showing features typical of Ch. I. nodosiformis (de SERRES in PUSCH).» STUDENCKA, B. & W. STUDENCKI. 1988. Middle Miocene (Badenian) bivalves from the carbonate deposits of the Wójcza-Pińczów Range (southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 38 (1-4): 1-30, pls. 1-10. [p. 27]
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Chlamys (Macrochlamis) latissima nodosiformis (de Serres in Pusch); B. Studencka & W. Studencki, 1988, Middle Miocene (Badenian) bivalves from the carbonate deposits of the Wójcza-Pińczów Range, text-plate 4; plate 5, figures 1a, 1b.
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«Desta forma encontrámos das duas variedades nodosiformis M. DE SERRES e restitutensis FONTANNES. Da primeira conhecemos uma única valva esquerda incompleta. Da segunda foram estudados dois exemplares completos e uma valva esquerda.
A forma tipo é essencialmente pliocénica, segundo ROGER. Não a encontrámos nos nossos exemplares. As formas por nós classificadas em anteriores trabalhos, quer do Algarve, quer da Ilha de Santa Maria e da Serra da Arrábida, pertencem a estas duas variedades Distribuição estratigráfica — No Algarve (Lagos) no Helveciano. Na Serra da Arrábida também no Helveciano e em Santa Maria, no Vindoboniano. As formas da Bacia do Tejo ocorrem no Burdigaliano e no Vindoboniano.
Localidades: Brago de Prata, cam. 6, Forno do Tijolo, corte do Forno do Tiiolo ao Pragal, corte 300 m ao N da Foz da Fonte, cam. 14. No estrangeiro -- A var. restitutensis foi assinalada no Burdigaliano e Helveciano da França e da Itália. A var. nodosiformis foi assinalada no Burdigaliano e Helveciano da França, da Sardenha e da Síria (Mediterrâneo Oriental) e no Tortoniano da Bacia de Viena, da Hungria e da Polónia.» VEIGA FERREIRA, O. DA. 1961. Pectinídeos do Miocénico da Bacia do Tejo. Comunicações dos Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, 45: 419-465, pls. 1-21. [p. 441, 442]
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Ch. latissima Brocchi var. nodosiformis M. de Serres; O. da Veiga Ferreira, 1961, Pectinídeos do Miocénico da Bacia do Tejo, plate 19, figure 140.
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