Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791)
GMELIN, J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linné, Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars VI. Classis VI. Vermes Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13th edition, Aucta, Reformata, 3021-3910 p. Impensis Georg Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 1791.. [p. 3328, sp. 66]
1791 Ostrea vitrea Gmelin, 1791
1798 Chlamys papyracea Röding, 1798
1846 Pecten vitreus var. laevigata Lovén, 1846
1859 Pecten gemmellarifilii Aradas in Biondi, 1859
1878 Pecten abyssorum Lovén in Sars, 1878
1888 Pecten vitreus var. sublaevigata Locard, 1888
1888 Pecten vitreus var. minor Locard, 1888
1888 Pecten vitreus var. albida Locard, 1888
1889 Pecten (Pseudamussium) gelatinosum Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889
1897 Chlamys chaperi Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897
1898 Pecten vitreus var. major Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. inflata Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. elongata Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. denudata Locard, 1898
1798 Chlamys papyracea Röding, 1798
1846 Pecten vitreus var. laevigata Lovén, 1846
1859 Pecten gemmellarifilii Aradas in Biondi, 1859
1878 Pecten abyssorum Lovén in Sars, 1878
1888 Pecten vitreus var. sublaevigata Locard, 1888
1888 Pecten vitreus var. minor Locard, 1888
1888 Pecten vitreus var. albida Locard, 1888
1889 Pecten (Pseudamussium) gelatinosum Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889
1897 Chlamys chaperi Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897
1898 Pecten vitreus var. major Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. inflata Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. elongata Locard, 1898
1898 Pecten vitreus var. denudata Locard, 1898
Pallium vitreum seu papyraceum; J. H. Chemnitz, 1784, Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Band 7, pl. 67, fig. 637.
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«O. testa hyalina margine acuta: radiis tenuissimis, squamularurn arcubus concentricis.
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 67. f. 637. a. ß) Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 67. f. 637. b. c. Habitat in Oceano septentrionali, inter fucos et zoophyta, lentis utplurimum magnitudine, testa levi fragili alba ß) albo rubroque varia, auricula altera emarginata spinosa» JOHANN FRIEDRICH GMELIN, 1791
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«Additional description: Shell small, averaging 20 mm in height and length, moderately to deeply convex and nearly transparent; hinge line 3/4 to 3/5 length of disk; anterior auricles slightly longer than posterior. Both valves ornamented with concentric rows of small vesicles, a minute ridge connecting them horizontally; rows of vesicles continue to hinge margin, covering posterior auricle of right valve and both auricles of left; when broken off, scales leave minute semicircular ridges, and these, together with connecting ridges, result in a continuous scalloped ridge. Anterior auricles of right valve with 5 to 8 concentrically lamellated radial riblets, a sharply angled, rather narrow byssal sinus, and a ctenolium of 3 to 6 teeth. Surface of both valves (except anterior auricle of right) covered with very minute and irregular radial striae.
Remarks: Despite its very wide distribution, this species is quite constant in form. Variable features are the distribution and profusion of the vesicles and the convexity of the valves, the latter often being also slightly oblique. Japanese specimens differ somewhat, being smaller, less convex, and less profusely ornamented, some also having low concentric undulations of the disk just below the umbo. Regarding Pseudamussium gelatinosum Mabille & Rochebrune, Dall (1908, p. 404) said, "This is the species which by some authors has been referred to P. vitreus Gmelin, from which it differs by sparser distribution of the scales and of the rows of scales, and by a slight but obvious obliquity. The two forms are, however, extremely similar." For the following reasons the present author has synonymized Pseudamussium gelatinosum with Cyc!opecten vitreus. First, nothing in its original description separates it from C. vitreus; second, Dall's criteria for separation are features fairly common to the typical; third, through the kindness of Dr. Harald A. Rehder, of the U.S. National Museum, the author's collection contains three specimens from the lot on which Dall based his opinion (Albatross station 2785, cited above), and they are identical with specimens in series of C. vitreus from various localities. Geographical range: Eastern Atlantic: Iceland, western Norway, Shetland Islands, southwestern France, northern Spain, Portugal, Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and off northwestern Africa. Mediterranean. Western Atlantic: Greenland to Chesapeake Bay; western Florida; Santa Cruz Territory, Argentina, to Strait of Magellan. Eastern Pacific; Strait of Magellan to 49° N (off southern Chile); Clipperton Island (670 miles SW of Acapulco, Mexico). Western Pacific: Moluccas; Philippine Islands; Japan (to 35° N). This is the most widely distributed species of Pectinidae. Clipperton Island is added here, since the author determined specimens from there referred to Cyclopecten zacae Hertlein to be C. vitreus. Geochronological range: Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent. Bathymetric range: Recorded in IS to 2327 fathoms. Ecological data: From the little available, usually found on mud bottoms; often attached to gorgonians or hydroids; Japanese specimens frequently living on the giant crab, Macrocheira kaempferi De Haan.» GRAU, G. 1959. Pectinidae of the eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 23: i-viii, 1-308, 57 pls. University of Southern California Press. Los Angeles, California. [p. 49, 50]
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Cyclopecten (Delectopecten) vitreus (Gmelin) 1791; G. Grau, 1959, Pectinidae of the eastern Pacific, plate 18.
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«Description. — Valve is small, fragile, transparent, suborbicular in outline. Small, slightly projected orthogyrate beak is situated at the midlength of the cardinal margin. Anterior ear is large, ended with a right angle, while the posterior one is not marked off the disc.
The whole extern al surface is covered with fine, densely spaced radial lines intersected by concentric lines. The latter become more distinct toward the ventral margin, where they are ornamented with small nodules look ing like beads on a string. The concentric lines are more closely spaced at the posterior ear than at the rest of the valve. Growth lines are clear. Ventral margin is smooth. Remarks. — The investigated specimen from Rybnica is indistinguishable from shells of the deep-water Recent species Chlamys (Delectopecten) vitrea recorded by TEBBLE (1966) off northern Scotland. The species P. (D .) vitreum resembles P. (D.) simile (LASKEY, 1811) [= Pecten exilis EICHWALD, 1850], the shell of which is almost smooth, ornamented only with very fine concentric lines, without any beading typical of P. (D.) vitreum. The radial lines are con siderably less prominent in P. (D.) simile than in P. (D.) vitreum, and conspicuous only under the microscope. The posterior ear is large and distinctly marked off the disc in P. (D. ) simile. The large, triangular byssal notch in the right valve is smooth in P. (D.) simile, while provided with ctenoidal teeth in P. (D.) vitreum. Stratigraphic range. — Middle Miocene (JAKUBOWSKI 1977) — Recent.» STUDENCKA, B. 1986. Bivalves from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) marine sandy facies of Southern Poland. Paleontologia Polonica, 47: 3-128, pls. 1-18. [p. 34, 35]
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