Lentipecten hochstetteri (Zittel, 1865)
ZITTEL, K. A. 1865. Fossile Mollusken und Echinodermen aus Neu-Seeland. In F. von Hochstetter, M. Hörnes & F.R. von Hauer (Eds.), Paläontologie von Neu-Seeland. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Geologischer Theil, 1 (2): 15-68, pls. 6-15. [p. 50, pl. 11, fig. 5a-5c]
K. A. Zittel, 1865, plate 11.
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«Char. Testa suborbicularis, aequilatera, tenuis, compressa. Valva sinistra laevigata, interdum striis concentricis ornata, valva dextra sublaevis, radiatim scabro-striata. Auriculae subaequales, obtusae, laeves vel tenuissime striatae.
Höhe ungeführ 50 Millim., Länge 52 Millim.
Schale bald kreisrund, bald oval-rundlich, gleichseitig, schwach gewölbt, dünn. Die linke Klappe ist glatt oder höchstens mit sehr feiner, concentrischer Zuwachsstreifung versehen, dagegen zeigt die rechte fast ganz flache eine grosse Anzahl (55-60) von den Buckeln ausgehende, kaum erhabene strahlenförmige Rippen, die im wohlerhaltenen Zustande nur durch ihre verschiedene Textur vermittelst der Loupe zu erkennen sind, in verwitterten Exemjolaren jedoch schwach hervortreten. Die vertieften Begrenzungslinien der Buckeln bilden einen stumpfen Winkel. Die Ohren sind abgerundet, glatt oder mit feinen Zuwaehsstreifen bedeckt. Das Innere der Schale ist glatt. Der Pecten Hochstetteri hat im Äussern viele Ähnlichkeit mit Pecten pleuronectes Linn. sp., indessen imterscheidet er sich wesentlich von dieser ganzen Gruppe von Pectines, die Adams in der Sippe Amussium Klein zusammenfasst, durch den Mangel an Radialrippen an der Innenseite der Schalen. Die grossen glatten Pecten-Arten mit ungerippter Innenfläche scheinen übrigens gegenwärtig ausgestorben zu sein und finden sich nur sehr sporadisch in jungen Tertiärbildungen (P. Gerardi Nyst. aus dem Crag). In der Eocänformation sind sie zahlreicher, erreichen jedoch in der Kreide erst das Maximum ihrer Entwickelung. Einzelne Arten der letzten Formation haben grosse Ähnlichkeit mit unserer neuseeländischen Species. Vorkommen: Whaingaroa und Aotea, Prov. Auckland; Gap Farewell, Prov. Nelson.» KARL ALFRED ZITTEL, 1865
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«Type material. Pecten hochstetteri lectotype (designated by Hutton 1873b, p. 30; Flügel 1959, p. 838; and here) NHMW 1959/335/41/1 (Fig. 12A), from locality 5, Te Hara Point, north of Raglan Harbour, Duntroonian; plaster replica GNS TM4247. Obviously, Zittel named this species after the collector, Ferdinand von Hochstetter. Zittel (1865, pl. 11, ¿gs 5b, c) illustrated two paralectotypes, a smooth juvenile specimen (presumably of L. hochstetteri; NHMW 1865/XXXVII/96/1) and a finely radially ribbed specimen, supposedly the right valve of L. hochstetteri, but actually a small specimen of Lentipecten polemicus (Marwick, 1928) (NHMW 1865/XXXVII/96/2; O. Mandic NHMW pers. comm. 10 Nov. 2010; L 49 mm; Fig. 11E). Flügel (1959, p. 838) labelled the illustrated large, smooth specimen as the ‘holotype’, and stated ‘not from Farewell!’ Zittel (1865, p. 50, caption to pl. 11) listed both ‘Whaingaroa und Aotea, Prov. Auckland’ and ‘Cap Farewell, Prov. Nelson’ as localities for this species. The small, smooth paralectotype illustrated by Zittel (1865, pl. 11, fig. 5c) probably came from the type locality, as if it is correctly identified as L. hochstetteri it cannot have been collected from Whaingaroan localities around Aotea and Raglan Harbours. Zittel (1865, caption to pl. 5) stated that it is from ‘Aotea-Hafen’, and if this is correct it is probably a left valve of Lentipecten polemicus. Marwick (1928, p. 450) pointed out that whereas both L. hochstetteri and L. polemicus occur near Raglan and Aotea Harbours, only the smooth species L. hochstetteri occurs at Cape Farewell. Fleming (1959a, p. 256, footnote 2) made the reason for this clear: the Cape Farewell “Fossil Point” locality is well dated as Otaian (early Miocene), that is, it is equivalent to Tarakohe Mudstone, overlying Takaka Limestone around Takaka, and the smooth species at this locality is the Miocene unnamed genus and species that wrongly has been known as L. hochstetteri. In contrast, both true L. hochstetteri (Duntroonian, late Oligocene) and its ancestor L. polemicus (Whaingaroan, early Oligocene) occur in rocks at Aotea and Raglan Harbours, and on the coast north of Raglan. It is possible that other specimens of ‘L. hochstetteri’ (but again the unnamed Miocene species) were collected near Stafford’s cave in the Aorere Valley, as mentioned above. Flügel’s (1959, p. 838) statement almost constitutes a lectotype designation, as he deliberately selected the smooth, wide specimen from near Raglan Harbour illustrated by Zittel (1865, pl. 11, fig. 5a) as the form to bear this name, although he did not expressly state that the other specimens are not conspecific. Marwick (1928, p. 450) pointed out that Hutton (1873b, p. 30) previously had selected Zittel’s name for the shell with both valves smooth and expressly excluded the radially ribbed specimen: ‘P. hochstetteri, Zittel, Voy. Novara, Palae, p. 50, pl. xi, f. 5a, not 5b … both valves smooth’. As both these designations are equivocal, I here select the large, smooth, illustrated specimen (Zittel 1865, pl. 11, fig. 5a; Fig. 12A; NHMW 1959/335/41/1) as the lectotype of Pecten hochstetteri. Marwick (1928, p. 451) proposed the new species Serripecten polemicus for the weakly radially ribbed shell illustrated by Zittel (1865, pl. 11, fig. 5b; Fig. 11E) as the right valve of Pecten hochstetteri, choosing a new holotype from GS993 (R14/f6009, cliffs of Aotea Harbour between Waingaro and Ohautira Streams; Fig. 13D, F, H). A further, unfigured syntype of Pecten hochstetteri in NHMW (unregistered) is also labelled ‘Whaingaroahafen’, and is a more inflated but less complete left valve of either the smooth species here identified as L. hochstetteri or of L. polemicus. Therefore, no material of L. hochstetteri in NHMW seems to be labelled as originating from Cape Farewell. Pseudamussium huttoni lectotype (designated here) Canterbury Museum M.879 (Allan 1938, p. 190), from ‘Duntroon’, Waitaki Valley, Duntroonian (late Oligocene).»
BEU, A. G., S. NOLDEN & T. A. DARRAGH. 2012. Revision of New Zealand Cenozoic fossil Mollusca described by Zittel (1865) based on Hochstetter’s collections from the Novara Expedition. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 43: 1-69, figs. 1-21. [p. 29, 31]
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Lentipecten hochstetteri (Zittel, 1865); A. G. Beu, S. Nolden & T. A. Darragh, 2012, Revision of New Zealand Cenozoic fossil Mollusca described by Zittel (1865) based on Hochstetter’s collections from the Novara Expedition, figure 12A, 12D, 12E.
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«PI. 10 c,d. Lentipecten hochstetteri (Zittel, 1864) [Pecten hochstetteri Zittel 1864, p. 50; Pseudamussium (Pecten) huttoni Park 1905, p. 485; Pecten (Camptonectes) huttoni]. Type species of Lentipecten Marwick, 1928 (Pectinidae).
Moderately large for family (height 55-75 mm), left valve more inflated than right, articulated specimens with well marked gape at each end, at and below ears. Ears subequal, separated from disc by shallow grooves; dorsal margins of left ears smooth, colinear, those of right valve slightly divergent, weakly serrate in some shells. Byssal notch shallow, fasciole flat or slightly convex. Both valves smooth except for weak growth lines and exceedingly fine radial striae. Cardinal crura well developed; auricular crura strongly tubercular distally. Adductor muscle scar much larger and situated in a more ventral position in left valve than in right.
Duntroonian-Kapitean; "Aotea Sandstone" (not the lower Whaingaroan Aotea Sandstone of the type locality), coast north of Whaingaroa (Raglan) Harbour, Duntroonian (type locality of both P. hochstetteri and P. huttoni) and from numerous localities in a wide range of lithofacies.
Lentipecten hochstetteri is one of the most widely recorded of all New Zealand Cenozoic molluscs and is readily distinguished from nearly all other local pectens by having both valves smooth (except for very weak growth lines and radial striae). Duplipecten parki (late Bortonian-Kaiatan) also has both valves smooth, but differs in having the right valve more inflated than the left (i.e. the opposite of L. hochstetteri) and in having deep channels separating the right valve ears from the disc. The description given above is based on a broad, traditional concept of Lentipecten hochstetteri, i.e. one that includes all post-Whaingaroan pectens with both valves smooth, but there is some evidence to suggest that two species, possibly with quite different antecedents, are involved. The type locality of L. hochstetteri unfortunately has not been relocated (Fleming in Hochstetter 1959, p. 78, footnote 3) but as far as can be judged from the original illustration (Zittel 1864, pI. 11, fig. 5a) and a plaster replica in the Geological Survey, the type specimen is relatively broad (about as long as it is high) and has an ill-defined, presumably flat byssal fasciole. In these respects it closely resembles pectens, from the Kokoamu Greensand in the vicinity of Duntroon, North Otago (Duntroonian). The right valve ears on Kokoamu Greensand specimens have finely serrate dorsal margins and some retain very faint traces of radial sculpture, but the type of L. hochstetteri does not seem to be well enough preserved to show if these characters are present. Olson and Fleming (in Gage 1957, p. 49) noted the similarity of Kokoamu specimens to L. hochstetteri, but because of the serrate and radially sculptured ears referred them to Janupecten subteres, even though they lack the weak radial sculpture on the disc characteristic of the latter species. Pectens from the "Curiosity Shop", Rakaia River (Waitakian) – including the specimen figured here – closely resemble the Kokoamu shells but have much weaker serrations on the ears. Post-Waitakian Lentipecten-like shells, however, are noticeably higher than they are long, have almost smooth dorsal margins to the ears, and have a distinctly convex byssal fasciole. Very similar shells, apparently differing only in minor details, occur in a Bortonian shellbed in the upper Waihao River, South Canterbury, which suggests that the smooth Neogene pecten is not descended from L. hochstetteri but has a quite independent origin in the upper Waihao River species or a related Eocene species. However, because of uncertainties about the age and characters of the type specimen, L. hochstetteri is here interpreted in a broad sense. Figured specimen (PI. 10c, d): GS311, K36/f7499, "Curiosity Shop", Rakaia River, Canterbury, Waitakian (NZGS) x 1.» BEU, A. G. & P. A. MAXWELL. 1990. Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 58: 1-518, pls. 1-57. [p. 144, 145]
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Lentipecten hochstetteri (ZitteI); A. G. Beu & P. A. Maxwell, 1990, Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand, plate 10, figures c, d.
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