Volachlamys tranquebaria (Gmelin, 1791)
GMELIN J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linné, Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentis, synonymis, locis Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13th edition, Aucta, Reformata, Vol. 1 (6). Lipsiae: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. [p. 3328, sp. 67]
Pecten Tranquebaricus; J. H. Chemnitz, 1784, Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, VII, plate 67, figures 647, 648.
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«O. testae radiis viginti rotundatis; interstitiis subtiliter rugosis, margine repando.
List. Conch. t. 179. f. 16. Gualt. test. t. 73. f. L. M. Knorr Vergn. 2. t. 4. f. 2. 3. v. Born mus. Caes. Vind. test. t. 7. f. 2. Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 67. f. 647. 648. Habitat copiosissima ad Tranquebar, testa nunc unicolore, saepius aurantia, nunc maculis undulatis fuscis, rubris, rubellis, cinereisve varia, operculo magis convexo.» JOHANN FRIEDRICH GMELIN, 1791
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«Additional description. – Shell up to ca. 40 mm high, solid, higher than wide, nearly equivalve and equilateral, left valve slightly more convex than right valve, auricles unequal in size and shape, umbonal angle ca. 90º. Both valves with 18-20 smooth radial lirae, ribs broader than interstices. Colour of left valve extremely variable, black, brown, reddish brown, orange or tan irregular bands or patches, right valve paler or whitish.
Type locality. – Not indicated (1778). “Patria ignota” (1780). Type material. – There are two articulated syntypes (O.34α, H 32.9 mm, W 31.4 mm) and (O.34β, H 34.5 mm, W 33.2 mm), NHMW 14112. Two small oval labels on top of each other are glued on the inside of each right valve, with “O.34α” and “O.34β” in Indian ink. Additionally, a catalogue number, “1762” in red ink, is written on the inside of each valve. Remarks. – Brauer (1878: 23) suggested that the two syntypes (NHMW 14112) are not original. Born mentioned in the Testacea (1780: 108) of “Valvae solitariae tantum in Museo adsunt” [single valves]. Two right valves were indicated as types [on red rectangular label “Typus”], but I found the misplaced left valves elsewhere in the collection. As Brauer (1878: 23) stated, the measurement of “Long. 1 poll. 9 lin.” in Testacea (1780: 108) is a typographical error and should be perhaps Long. 1 poll. 3 lin. [= 32.925 mm] according to one of the syntypes (O.34α). Nomenclatural status. – Ostrea undata is a senior subjective synonym of Ostrea tranquebaria Gmelin, 1791. Born’s taxon is a valid nominal species, but O. tranquebaria is more generally accepted as the name for the species. See ICZN Art. 23.2 and Art. 23.9.1. Taxonomic position. – Ostrea tranquebaria is currently placed in Volachlamys Iredale, 1939. Distribution. – Volachlamys tranquebaria occurs in the northern and north-eastern Indian Ocean.» DIJKSTRA, H. H. 2009. Type specimens of Pectinidae (Bivalvia) described by Ignaz von Born (1778 - 1780). Basteria, 73: 99-116. [p. 114]
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Ostrea undata Born, 1778; H. H. Dijkstra, 2009, Type specimens of Pectinidae described by Ignaz von Born, figures 51-58.
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