Spondylus gloriosus Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
DALL, W. H., P. BARTSCH & H. A. REHDER. 1938. A manual of the Recent and fossil marine pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 153: i-iv, 1-233, pls. 1-58. [p. 103, pl. 26, figs. 8-11]
1938 Spondylus gloriosus Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
W. H. Dall, P. Bartsch & H. A. Rehder, 1938, plate 26.
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«Shell small, oval. bright red in color: tip of the proclissoconch almost hemispherical, smooth, the succeedirng portion well curved and marked on the basal part by 12 radiating ribs, which in the post-prodissoconch stage develop into the strong major cords. The earliest portion of the post-prodissoconch stage shows, in addition to the radiating ribs referred to above, intercalated threads, and these increase in number toward the ventral margin of the shell where no less than 28 may be counted. All these ribs bear spines which are stronger on the major cords than on the lesser, and in the middle portion of the latter part of the shell they are decidedly produced. These spines from red pass to waxy yellow at the tip. On the early part of the post-prodissoconch stage some of the spines are really in the nature of scales, being open on their ventral margin. In addition to the sculpture referred to above, the upper valve is marked by fine incremental lines and equally fine radial lirations. The right wing is heavily scaly, the scales being broad at the base and pointed toward the tip. Those on the left side are less strongly developed and really seem more in the nature of strongly raised scales than spines. The spines, while not conspicuonsly denticulated, nevertheless reveal the denticles on careful search. The interior of the upper valve is almost white at the hinge, gradually turning to rose red basally. The ridges of the outside are here marked as radiating light zones. The outer margin of the shell is slightly scalloped at the edge and fluted inwardly. The ligamental area is moderately broad. There is a stronger zone immdliately adjoining the resilial pit, which is obliquely striated. Outside of this, on both sides, are numerous denticles which increase in strength outwardly. The hinge is typical, that is, a low tooth bordering each side of the resilial pit followed by a deep pit to accommodate the heavy teeth of the inner valve and outside of that, the usual broad upwardly curved teeth.
The type, U.SN.M. Cat. No. 190435, was dredged by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross at Station 4031 off Penguin Bank, south coast of Oahu, in 27-28 fathoms on fine coral sand, coral and foraminifera bottom; surface temperature 76° F. It consists of an upper valve which measures: height, 23.8 mm.; length, 22 mm.; diameter, 8 mm., without the spines.
A topotype, another upper valve of a younger specimen, U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 484163, comes from the same station. This species can easily be distinguished from the other Hawaiian Spondylus by having the basal spined wings and numerous spinose radiating ribs and brilliant red coloration.» WILLIAM HEALEY DALL, PAUL BARTSCH & HARALD ALFRED REHDER, 1938
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«Dijkstra and Marshall (2008: 74) treated Spondylus asperrimus G.B. Sowerby II, 1847, from Norfolk and Ker-madec Island, and synonymized several Hawaiian species of Dall et al., 1938, notably S. mimus, S. gloriosus and S. kauaiensis.
Spondylus gloriosus however, is a characteristic Hawaiian species, well known under its former, erroneous name “S. linguafelis” (Huber, 2009). Spondylus gloriosus is also known from offshore Panamic Islands, but does not live in waters of Norfolk or Kermadec Islands (Huber, 2009: 107, fig. 11; Huber, 2010: 216, fig. 1; Severns, 2011: 456, pl. 208, fig. 4).» RAINES, B. K. & M. HUBER. 2012. Biodiversity Quadrupled — Revision of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Bivalves. Zootaxa, 3217: 1-106, figs. 1-49. [p. 42]
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