Spondylus chipolanus Dall, 1898
DALL, W. H. 1898. Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida. Silex Beds of Tampa and the Pliocene Beds of the Caloosahatchie River. Part IV. I. Prionodesmacea: Nucula to Julia. 2. Teleodesmacea: Teredo to Ervilia. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, 3 (4): viii, 571-947 p., pls. 23-35 (pls. 36 and 37 in part 5, 1900) [p. 758]
1898 Spondylus bostrychites var. chipolanus Dall, 1898
Spondylus chipolanus Dall; W. H. Dall, 1915, A monograph of the molluscan fauna of the Orthaulax pugnax zone of the Oligocene of Tampa, Florida, plate 19, figure 1.
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«Spondylus bostrychites Guppy.
Spondylus bifrons Sowerby, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vi., p. 53, 1849; not of Goldfuss, Petref., ii., p. 99, pl. 106, figs. 10 a-c, 1835.
Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, Proc. Sci. Soc. Trinidad, p. 176, 1867; Gabb, Geol. St. Domingo, p. 257, 1873. Oligocene of St. Domingo, at Ponton; of the Bowden marl, Jamaica; of Anguilla; of White Beach, near Osprey, Florida, and in the Ballast Point silex beds, Tampa Bay, Florida.
Variety chipolanus: Chipola beds on the Chipola River; lower bed at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; Alum Bluff beds at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, and the Ballast Point silex beds, Tampa Bay, Florida. The type form of this species has a relatively small number of spinose ribs, the intervening ones being free from spines, longitudinally finely striate, and show when very perfect minute scales. The adult shell is rather short and rounded and less inflated than usual in the genus. The species is remarkable for its small hinge-area. In the variety chipolanus Dall there is no radial striation on the interspatial ribs, but rather a concentric sculpture; there are many more spinose ribs, the shell is more oval and more inflated, and, as far as the material goes, seems to attain a larger size. It may prove distinct with more perfect specimens, in which case the varietal name may be taken as specific.» WILLIAM HEALEY DALL, 1898
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«Spondylus bostrychites Guppy. Cooke, 1919.p. 144, pl. 11, figs, 11a, 11b (Anguilla Limestone, Lesser Antilles; = S. scotti Brown and Pilsbry, 1913, fide Woodring, 1982, p. 601; however, specimens illustrated by Cooke have a strong similarity to S. chipolanus Dall, 1898).»
VOKES, H. E. & E. H. VOKES. 1992. Neogene paleontology in the northern Dominican Republic. 12. The genus Spondylus (Bivalvia: Spondylidae). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 102: 5-13, pls. 1-3. [p. 8]
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Spondylus bostrychites Guppy; C. W. Cooke, 1919, Tertiary mollusks from the Leeward Islands and Cuba, plate 11, figures 11a, 11b.
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«S. scotti is a representative of a group of species widely distributed in the late Oligocene and Miocene formations of the Caribbean region and Florida. Nine names, but not that many species, are involved. The earliest name (and the only one that antedated S. scotti), S. bifrons, was used by Sowerby (1850, p. 53) for a middle Miocene species from the Dominican Republic. As that name is a junior homonym, Guppy (1867, p. 176) published the substitute name S. bostrychites. This species has been found in the Gurabo formation. The lectotype and five paratypes have been described and illustrated by Palmer (1938, p. 6, pI. 1, fig. 2, pI. 2, figs. 1-3, pI. 3, figs. 1-5). S. scotti is smaller and has more primary ribs. Its secondary ribs are narrower, more numerous, and more closely spaced. Of the specimens of S. scotti in USNM collections, only that shown on plate 97, figures 5, 9, has a full complement of primary ribs: 12 or 13. The type was described as having 17.
It is not my intention to consider all the other names. As indicated by the synonymy, however, the small early Miocene Spondylus from Anguilla and that of the same age from Puerto Rico have the basic features of S. scotti. The small species from the late Oligocene of Antigua, listed by Cooke, evidently is the same as that from Anguilla, as he thought. It may be pointed out also that the large specimen, mentioned by Dall when he named S. chipolanus without any illustration (Dall, 1890-1903, p. 759, 1898), and described by Gardner (1926-47, p. 51, 1926), should be designated the lectotype, not the immature specimen (height 29.6 mm) illustrated later by Dall (1915, pI. 19, fig. 1). S. chipolanus is a member of this group from the Chipola formation of Florida. As pointed out by Gardner, contrary to expectation, the immature specimen is from the Chipola formation, not the Tampa limestone.» WOODRING, W. P. 1982. Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 306-F: 1-759, pls. 83-124. [p. 601, 602]
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«Type: U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 114817.
Type locality: No. 2213, 1 mile below Baileys Ferry, Calhoun County, Fla. The Chipola species attains considerable dimensions, imperfect double valves showing an altitude of 110.0± millimeters, a latitude of 85.0 millimeters, and a maximum diameter of 65.0 millimeters. The right valve is quite strongly rounded, the left valve inflated or flattened. The sculpture is exceedingly variable in detail but invariably ornate. The surface is crowded with unequal radial threads, all of them more or less spiny and every third or fourth thread heavier than the others and bearing long, slender spinose processes. The concentric imbrication is very close and for the most part microscopically fine. The cardinal area is higher in the right valve than in the left and slit medially by the ligament, which extends from the tip of the umbones to the ventral margin of the hinge, expanding slightly ventrally. The teeth are short, very thick and heavy, and slightly hooked at their extremities. The teeth of the right valve are inclosed in sockets formed by the elevated margins of the ligament pit of the left valve and the inner surface of the teeth. The muscle scar is very large, roundish, and placed a little behind and ventral to the middle. The species that occurs at Ballast Point is apparently the true bostrychites of the West Indies, The specimen figured in Bulletin 90 is from Chipola River and is the type of S. chipolanus. The very young right valves are sculptured with overlapping concentric laminae, quite unlike anything exhibited by the adult. Occurrence: Chipola formation, localities 2212r, 2213p, ?2211r. Oak Grove sand, locality ?2646r.» GARDNER, J. 1926. The molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff Group of Florida. Part I. Prionodesmacea and Anomalodesmacea. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 142-A: 1-79, pls. 1-15, 1 map. [p. 51]
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«Spondylus (bostrychites var.?) chipolanus DALL, Trans. Wagner Inst., pt. 4, p. 758, 1898.
Oligocene of the Tampa silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, of the lower beds at Alum Bluff, Chattahoochee River; of the Chipola marls of Calhoun County, near the county bridge over the Chipola River; and of the sands at Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 114817.
This species at first suspectecl from poor material to be a variety of S. bostrychites, has no radial striation on the minor ribs, but rather a concentric sculpture, also a greater number of spinose ribs, and more oval and inflated form.» DALL, W. H. 1915. A monograph of the molluscan fauna of the Orthaulax pugnax zone of the Oligocene of Tampa, Florida. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 90: i-xv, 1-167, pls. 1-26. [p. 125]
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Spondylus chipolanus Dall; W. H. Dall, 1915, A monograph of the molluscan fauna of the Orthaulax pugnax zone of the Oligocene of Tampa, Florida, plate 19, figure 1.
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