Semipallium flavicans (Linnaeus, 1758)
LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Sistema
Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum
characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus
I. Editio Decima, Reformata, [iii], 824 p. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm], 1758. [p. 698]
1758 Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
1819 Pecten tigris Lamarck, 1819
1819 Pecten tigris Lamarck, 1819
Semipallium flavicans (Linnaeus, 1758); B. K. Raines & G. T. Poppe, 2006, A Conchological
Iconography, The Family Pectinidae, plate 192, figures 1-5.
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CAROLUS LINNAEUS, 1758
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«Type data. — Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus: Lectotype (H 49 mm, pv) UUZM [not registered], designated by Dijkstra (1999: 426, figs 9C, D), possible paralectotypes (lv + rv) UUZM [not registered]. Type locality: “O. australiore” [Indo-West Pacific].
Pecten tigris Lamarck: Lectotype (H 43 mm, pv) MNHN Moll 21194, designated by Dijkstra (1994a: 483, figs 70-73), paralectotype (pv) MNHN Moll 21195. Type locality: “l’Océan indien” [Indian Ocean]. Material examined. -- Philippines: PMBP 2004, Stn R51, 2-52 m, 1 pv (A). Additional material examined. — Off Zamboanga, 4-10 m, alive, 2 pv (ZMA Moll. 140478); Coron, 12 m, alive, 4 pv (ZMA Moll. 141198); Jolo Island, 16 m, alive, 1 pv (ZMA Moll. 141348); Balabac Island, 24 m, alive, 1 pv (ZMA Moll. 147303); Panglao Island, 20-30 m, alive, 1 pv (ZMA Moll. 148284).
Description. — Shell up to c. 60 mm high, rather inflated, right valve more convex than left, subtriangularly ovate, prosocline, inequivalve, inequilateral, auricles very unequal in size, umbonal angle c. 80˚; cream with dark brown or reddish brown maculations or bands, yellowish near umbo; right valve paler, interior yellowish, dark brown near resilial pit; red spot on anterior auricle. Both valves with 8-10 evenly spaced radial plicae; scaly secondary radial riblets on and between primary plicae; covered with shagreen microsculpture; microsculpture of commarginal lamellae in early growth stage. Hinge line straight, somewhat declined on posterior side of auricle. Byssal notch deep, ctenolium well-developed. Internal plicae with carinate riblets near margin. Hinge with weak resilial and dorsal teeth.
Distribution. — Tropical Indo-West Pacific, from southern Japan southwards to northern Australia and westwards into the Indian Ocean to Mozambique and South Africa (not recorded from the northwestern Indian Ocean), and eastwards into the central Pacific to Samoa (ZMA, unpubl. data; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 240). Present specimen from the Philippines alive in 2-52 m. Bathymetric range of live-taken specimens is 10-25 m (minimum depth range) (ZMA, unpubl. data). Living byssally attached to undersides of coral slabs or boulders or amongst coral rubble on clean sandy bottoms. Remarks. — The present specimen from the Philippines is morphologically indistinguishable from the type material. Semipallium flavicans is closest to the congener S. marybellae Raines, 1996, recorded from Guam, which could be a local morph of the present species. Similar sized, shaped and coloured specimens are also observed of S. flavicans from other localities in the Indo-Pacific (MNHN, ZMA, unpubl. data).» DIJKSTRA, H. H. 2013. Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands. Vita Malacologica, 10: 1-108, pls. 1-32. [p. 84]
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Semipallium flavicans (Linnaeus, 1758); H. H. Dijkstra, 2013, Pectinoidea from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands, plate 22, figures 1a-1d; plate 30, figures 4a, 4b.
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«Description
Shell up to c. 60 mm in height, compressed, right valve more convex than left valve, subtriangularly ovate, posteriorly oblique, inequivalve, inequilateral, auricles very unequal in size, umbonal angle c. 80°. Both valves with 8–10, regularly arranged, radial plicae, secondary radial scaly riblets on and between primary ribs, covered by a shagreen microsculpture, microsculpture of commarginal lamellae in early ontogeny. Hinge line straight, somewhat declined on posterior side, byssal notch deep, ctenolium well developed. Colour creamy with dark brown or reddish-brown maculations or bands, yellowish near umbo, right valve paler, interior yellowish near resilial pit dark brown, on anterior auricle a red spot. Type locality “Habitat in O. australiore”.
Although Odhner (1953: 6) did not isolate a specimen from the general collection, he remarked that Lafrensen painted this species (fig. 17) [MS in RSAS], and identified it as Chlamys tigris Lamarck. In May 1990 I observed one complete marked specimen without Thunberg or Swartz labels in the general collection, with an ink mark ‘‘17’’ on the outside of the right valve near the umbo. The number corresponds with the figure of Lafrensen (see also Wallin, 1993: 86, Ostrea flavicans # 1647). This specimen corresponds exactly to Linnaeus’ descriptions (1758, 1764) and is designated herein as the lectotype (Fig. 9C).
Holm isolated two unmarked specimens (a left and a right valve), each with a printed Swartz label ‘‘flavicans’’ (see Wallin, 1993: 86, Ostrea flavicans # 884 and 885). Both specimens differ totally in most shell characters from O. flavicans and are similar to Ostrea senatoria Gmelin, 1791. Remarks Linnaeus (1758: 698) cited MLU (in italics) after the diagnosis. This species is not in the LSL collection and it is most likely that he based his description of O. flavicans on a specimen housed in the MLU collection. Thunberg (1804: 5; 1820: 23; 1828: 266) mentioned O. flavicans only from Gustav IV Adolf’s donations. Only a single specimen was found in the UUZM corresponding to the MLU. Current taxonomic position Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758 is a senior synonym of Pecten tigris Lamarck, 1819, which is the type species of Semipallium [Jousseaume in] Lamy, 1928 (by original designation). Hertlein (1969: N365) included Semipallium in the Decatopecten group, although Waller (1986: 40) excluded it, and placed this genus in the tribe Chlamydini of the subfamily Chlamydinae von Teppner, 1922 (Waller, 1993: 202). The current taxonomic combination for the present species is Semipallium flavicans (Linnaeus, 1758). Distribution Known from the Indo-West Pacific from southern Japan through the Philippines and Indonesia to northeastern Australia, living among coral on sandy bottoms in the littoral zone.» DIJKSTRA, H. H. 1999. Type specimens of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) described by Linnaeus (1758-1771). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125: 383-443, figs. 1-10. [p. 425, 426]
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Ostrea flavicans Linnaeus, 1758; H. H. Dijkstra, 1999, Type specimens of Pectinidae described by Linnaeus, plate 9, figures C, D.
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