Eopecten velatus (Goldfuss, 1833)
GOLDFUSS, A. 1833-1840. Petrefacta Germaniae tam ea, quae in museo universitatis regiae Borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanae servantur quam alia quae cunque in museis hoeninghusiano, muensteriano aliisque extant, iconibus et descriptionibus illustrata. Zweiter Theil, 312 p., pls. 1-199. Arnz & Co., Düsseldorf. [p. 45, pl. 90, fig. 2]
1833 Pecten velatus Goldfuss, 1833
1833 Pecten tumidus Hartmann in Zieten, 1833
1835 Lima inaequistriata Münster in Goldfuss, 1834
1835 Spondylus velatus Goldfuss, 1835
1850 Hinnites inaequistriatus Orbigny, 1850
1858 Pecten velatus albus Quenstedt, 1857
1861 Hinnites subtilis Boehm, 1881
1863 Hinnites hautcoeuri Dollfus, 1863
1869 Pecten echinatus Terquem & Jourdy, 1869 [nomen novum pro Spondylus velatus Goldfuss, 1935]
1869 Hinnites davaei Dumortier, 1869
1874 Pecten hinnitiformis Gemmelaro & Di Blasi, 1874
1874 Hinnites thurmanni Brauns, 1874 [nomen novum pro Hinnites inaequistriatus Orbigny 1850]
1881 Hinnites gigas Boehm, 1881
1886 Pleuronectites aubryi Douville, 1886
1904 Hinnites bonjouri de Loriol, 1904
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) dumortieri Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) quenstedti Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) toarciensis Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) ammoniticus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) orbignyi Rollier, 1915
1916 Eopecten dumortieri Cossmann, 1916
1935 Entolium hauptsmooris Dietrich, 1935
1936 Velata hettangiensis Dechaseaux, 1936
1833 Pecten tumidus Hartmann in Zieten, 1833
1835 Lima inaequistriata Münster in Goldfuss, 1834
1835 Spondylus velatus Goldfuss, 1835
1850 Hinnites inaequistriatus Orbigny, 1850
1858 Pecten velatus albus Quenstedt, 1857
1861 Hinnites subtilis Boehm, 1881
1863 Hinnites hautcoeuri Dollfus, 1863
1869 Pecten echinatus Terquem & Jourdy, 1869 [nomen novum pro Spondylus velatus Goldfuss, 1935]
1869 Hinnites davaei Dumortier, 1869
1874 Pecten hinnitiformis Gemmelaro & Di Blasi, 1874
1874 Hinnites thurmanni Brauns, 1874 [nomen novum pro Hinnites inaequistriatus Orbigny 1850]
1881 Hinnites gigas Boehm, 1881
1886 Pleuronectites aubryi Douville, 1886
1904 Hinnites bonjouri de Loriol, 1904
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) dumortieri Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) quenstedti Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) toarciensis Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) ammoniticus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) orbignyi Rollier, 1915
1916 Eopecten dumortieri Cossmann, 1916
1935 Entolium hauptsmooris Dietrich, 1935
1936 Velata hettangiensis Dechaseaux, 1936
A. Goldfuss, 1833-1840, plate 90.
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Pecten testa obliqua ovato-orbiculari convexa, costis linearibus distantibus (14) minoribus totidem intermediis lineisque pluribus interstitialibus, lineis concentricis subtilissimis confertis, auriculis inaequalibus decussatim lineatis. — E montibus Herciniae et Palatinatus superioris. M. B. et M. M.
Schief, eiförmig-kreisrund, flach-convex, mit 14 linienförmigen Rippen, mit welchen eben so viel etwas niedrigere, abgekürzte abwechseln. Die Zwischenräume sind mit 2 — 3 feinen Linien ausgefüllt und die ganze Fläche mit sehr zarten, gedrängten, concentrischen Linien gegittert. Die ungleichen Ohren haben ähnliche Rippen und Linien und verlaufen sanft ansteigend gegen die Höhe des Wirbels. — Findet sich bei Quedlinburg, Baireuth und Amberg.»
AUGUST GOLDFUSS, 1833
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«Description. Shell approximately equilateral, with the right valve flat and the left valve slightly convex. Higher than long with low and not prominent umbones. Disc flanks low, vertically striated. Auricles are not preserved. Left valve ornamented with about 20 primary narrow radial ribs. Between the main ribs, 3-4 secondary ribs are intercalated, some of them (the ones in the middle) are stronger. The right valve is also covered with primary and secondary ribs, which are somewhat less pronounced and
also slightly reduced in number. All ribs are very slightly sinusoid. Faint tubercles are present in some areas of the shell. Remarks. The specimens match the holotype (GOLDFUSS 1833) and material described by JOHNSON (1984) in shape and strength and arrangement of ribs. Compared to material from Portugal (FÜRSICH & WERNER 1988), Chile (Aberhan 1994), southern Tunisia (Holzapfel 1998) and Argentina (DAMBORENEA 2002b), the specimens from eastern Serbia have less pronounced but more numerous ribs. Related species are Eopecten abjectus (PHILLIPS) and Eopecten spondyloides (ROEMER); the detailed difference to them is given by JOHNSON. The presence of tubercles is referred to by JOHNSON (1984) as a diagnostic characteristic of E. abjectus, although FÜRSICH & WERNER (1988) and ABERHAN (1994) document on material from Portugal and Chile that this feature is also present in E. velatus. The material from eastern Serbia, which also bears tubercles, supports this opinion. The present specimens have “vertically striated disc flanks”, which JOHNSON (1984) mentioned as a characteristic feature of Pseudopecten (Ps.) dentatus. Specimens from eastern Serbia are evidence that vertically striated disc flanks are not a particular distinction of P. (P.) dentatus, but a feature common in Pseudopecten and Eopecten members, and definitely more widespread than originally believed (see also Damborenea 2002b). Occurrence. Pliensbachian of Senokos and Mazgoš.» RADULOVIĆ, B. 2013. Lower Jurassic bivalves of eastern Serbia. Beringeria, 43: 3-61, pls. 1-20. [p. 32]
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Eopecten velatus (Goldfuss, 1833); B. Radulović, 2013, Lower Jurassic bivalves of eastern Serbia, plate 10, figures 4, 5.
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«Description: Only left valves of Eopecten velatus were recovered. They are medium-sized, inflated, prosocline, and have a sub-orbicular outline. The umbo is placed at midlength. The anterior wing passes gradually into the disc of the shell, without any demarcation. The disc is covered with about 25 primary radial ribs, between which smaller second- and third-order riblets are intercalated. The ribs and riblets are narrow and have smooth tops. In one specimen, toward the ventral margin some second order riblets reach the same thickness as the primary ribs. The anterior wing is ornamented by numerous ribs of equal strength, which are not as prominent as the primary ribs on the disc.
Remarks: Affinities to other species of Eopecten were established by Johnson (1984), Aberhan (1994) and Damborenea (2002) and no further comments are necessary here. These are the first finds of the genus from the Lower Jurassic of Mexico.» SCHOLZ, A., M. ABERHAN & C. M. GONZÁLEZ-LEÓN. 2008. Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane (Sonora, NW Mexico): Taxonomy, biogeography, and paleogeographic implications. Geological Society of America, Special Papers, 442: 269-312, figs. 1-17. [p. 286]
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Eopecten velatus (Goldfuss, 1833); A. Scholz, M. Aberhan & C. M. González-León, 2008, Early Jurassic bivalves of the Antimonio terrane, figure 7E.
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«2. AMENDED DIAGNOSIS
Distinguished from other species of Eopecten by the differentiation of the Ornament on the left valve into costae and striae in all but very large specimens (e. g. BM 65900; PI. 5, Fig. 8).
3. AMENDED DESCRIPTION
Disc shape extremely variable, often irregular (PL 5, Fig. 4), generally longer than high (text fig. 139), maximum height 110 mm (OUM J14501). Umbonal angle variable (text fig. 140) usually increasing during ontogeny. Disc flanks low.
Approximately equilateral to markedly inequilateral; inequivalve, right valve usually flat, left valve low to high convexity. Intersinal distance greaterin left valve than right, very large byssal notch with well developed ctenolium. Auricles poorly demarcated from disc, variable in size, usually large with anterior (text fig. 141) larger than posterior. All auricles meeting hinge line at about 90°. Anterior auricle of left valve and both posterior auricles meeting disc at an acute angle. Anterior auricle of right valve meeting disc at an obtuse angle. Right valve bearing a large number (< 150) of fine radial striae (PI. 5, Fig. 5). Ornament of left valve very variable, usually comprising between 15 and 20 (range 5-28) original radial costae (see Section 4) between each pair of which are 4-6 (range 2-8) fine radial Striae. Both costae and striae of variable height and often sinuous (PL 5, Figs. 4, 7, 8). Shell thickness variable, left valve usually thicker than right. 4. DISCUSSION
Specimens possessing the diagnostic features of Section 2 which have been described from the L. Jurassic have a minimum of 14 ('Pecten' velatus GOLDFUSS) and a maximum of 24 ('Hinnites' Davaei DUMORTIER) costae on the left valve. Museum specimens of the same age usually possess between 15 and 20 costae. Specimens described from the U. Jurassic may have as few as 5 ('H.' inaequistriatus D'ORBIGNY; DE LORIOL et al.) or as many as 28 ('P.' velatus albus QUENSTED) costae. Moreover the large number of specimens which have been described with costal counts below the L. Jurassic range (e. g. Eopecten thurmanni (BRAUNS); COX with 8, Velopecten cf. inaequistnatus (D'ORBIGNY); REMES with 10, 'P.' hinnitiformis GEMMELLARO and DI BLASI with 10-12, 'H.' cf. astartinus de LORIOL; BOEHM with 12 and E. aff. albus (QUENSTED); COX with 13) indicates that the mean number of costae may be less in U. compared with L. Jurassic samples. Specimens with costal counts within the L. Jurassic range do however exist (e. g. 'H.' astartinus GREPPIN; DE LORIOL with 16, 'H.' cf. astartinus GREPPIN; BOEHM with 17 and 'V.' velatus (GOLDFUSS); STAECHI with 20) and in the absence of any evidence for a bimodal distribution suggest that the increase in ränge and possible reduction in mean number of costae is due to phyletic evolution within a single lineage. All forms possessing the diagnostic features of Section 2 are therefore included within the same species (see p. 150). Earlier authors labelled many individual vanants of this species with a name thus a large number of synonymous taxonomic species have been generated. It seems futile to set down the peculianties of each of these. Rather, those which are adequately characterised such that, in the author's opinion, they undoubtedly fall within the range of Section 3, are placed in synonymy and discussion is mainly limited to taxonomic problems. A large number of inadequately described or poorly illustrated secondary references to synonymous species are excluded from the synonymy and are not taken into consideration in subsequent sections. They may be traced in QUENSTED (1843, 1852), OPPEL(1853, 1858), COQUAND (1860), TRAUTSCHOLD (1861), PHILLIPS (1871), NEUMAYR (1871), TERQUEM and PIETTE (1865), BRAUNS (1871, 1874), TATE and BLAKE (1876), BOEHM (1881), ALTH (1882), ROEDER (1882), SIMPSON (1884), KILIAN (1889), BOTTO-MICCA (1893), BEHREDSEN (1893), MÖRICKE (1894), GREPPIN (1898), KILIAN and GUEBHARD (1905), TRAUTH (1909), SIMIONESCU (1898, 1910), PARIS and RICHARDSON (1916), FAURE-MARGUERIT (1920), NEWTON (1921), BLANCHET (1923), ERNST (1923), ROMAN (1926), LANQUINE (1929), ARKELL (1930a), YIN (1931), COX (1935a), DECHASEAUX (1936), PARENT (1940), RAKUS (1964), BEHMEL and GEYER (1966), URLICH (1966), NITZOPOULOS (1974) and YAMANI (1975). LENTINI's (1973) record of 'Chlamys' ('Velata') cfr. velata (GOLDFUSS) appears to be a misidentification of Chlamys (Ch.) textoria.»
JOHNSON, A. L. A. 1984. The palaeobiology of the bivalve families Pectinidae and Propeamussiidae in the Jurassic of Europe. Zitteliana, 11: 1-235, pls. 1-11. [p. 152, 153]
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Eopecten velatus (Goldfuss 1833); A. L. A. Johnson, 1984, The palaeobiology of the bivalve families Pectinidae and Propeamussiidae in the Jurassic of Europe, plate 5, figures 4, 5, 7, 8.
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