Neithea hispanica (Orbigny, 1850)
ORBIGNY, A, D'. 1850. Prodrome de Paléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés. Deuxième Volume. 427 p. Victor Masson. Paris [p. 170]
1850 Janira hispanica Orbigny, 1850
1887 Neithea sergipensis White, 1887
1945 Neithea moutai Rennie, 1945
1945 Neithea salinasensis Rennie, 1945
1887 Neithea sergipensis White, 1887
1945 Neithea moutai Rennie, 1945
1945 Neithea salinasensis Rennie, 1945
Neithea hipanica d'Orbigny, Coll. d'Orbigny nº 6465; E. Dartevelle, S. Freneix & J. Sornay, 1957, Mollusques fossiles du Crétacé de la Côte occidentale d'Afrique du Cameroun à l'Angola, plate 9, figure 12.
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«507. Hispanica, d'Orb. Espèce à vingt côtes larges, à peine séparées par un sillon. Espagne, Llama Oscura, près d'Oviedo.»
ALCIDE D'ORBIGNY, 1850
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«Description and discussion
Relatively small; few specimens exceeding a height of 10 mm, the largest specimen reaching approximately 25 mm (Table 3). The right, convex valve, where well preserved, shows 21 equal primary and secondary ribs separated by narrow interspaces. The left valve is flat. Lateral areas are smooth; auricles are not preserved. With its overall equal ribs N. (N.) hispanica is easily distinguished from most other Neithea species.However, it is very similar to N. (N.) aequicostata (Lamarck, 1819) and has often been referred to that species. N. (N.) hispanica differs from N. (N.) aequicostata in its smaller number of ribs, 18–21 in N. (N.) hispanica and 23–36 in N. (N.) aequicostata. The geographical and stratigraphical distribution of the two species is also different, N. (N.) hispanica being a typical Tethyan form, which, according to Dhondt (1973), is never found with the boreal N. (N.) aequicostata. All equal-ribbed Brazilian Neithea are here referred to N. (N.) hispanica.
The similarities of N. sergipensis White, 1887 to N. (N.) aequicostata were mentioned already by Newton (1916). According to White (1887) and Maury (1937), N. sergipensis is characterized by its small size; however, in all other respects their specimens fit the concept of N. (N.) hispanica and therefore may represent juvenile individuals. Our material includes varying growth stages, from very small (Figs. 4.13 and 4.15) to medium-sized (Figs. 4.14 and 4.17) specimens. Rennie (1945) described N. moutai and N. salinasensis from Angola, which may be synonymous with N. (N.) hispanica (Dhondt, 1973). Occurrence
Albian of Angola (Freneix, 1966), Cenomanian of northern Africa and south-western Europe (Dhondt, 1973) and Peru (Dhondt and Jaillard, 1997); upper Albian–lower Turonian of the Sergipe Basin, Brazil.» ANDRADE, E. DE J., J. SEELING, P. BENGSTON & W. SOUZA-LIMA. 2004. The bivalve Neithea from the Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 17: 25-38, figs. 1-4. [p. 33, 34]
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Neithea (Neithea) hispanica (d’Orbigny); E. de J. Andrade et al., 2004, The bivalve Neithea from the Cretaceous of Brazil, figures 4.13-4.17.
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«Additional description:
Diagnosis. — Neithea-species covered by 18-21 equal ribs, separated by narrow intercostal intervals. Equal auricles which are, just as the areas, smooth. Left valve is flattened. This species is, except for the number of ribs, totally similar to N. aequicostata. Discussion:
Because of the similarity of N. hispanica and N. aequicostata the former has, in literature, mostly been referred to the latter. Nevertheless N. hispanica is unquestionably a species in its own right: the lower number of ribs is a constant characteristic with a limited geographical and stratigraphical distribution: where N. hispanica occurs no N. aequicostata is found. N. hispanica has a typical Tethys-distribution which continues in the Central African Cretaceous. Neithea moutai and N. salinasensis, both species of J. V. L. RENNIE, are based on very poorly preserved specimens. As far as can be judged they probably belong to N. hispanica, but since the figures are insufficiently clear and, because of the difference in stratigraphical horizon, it seems dangerous to draw a definite conclusion at this stage. Its equal ribs make it easy to differentiate N. hispanica from other Neithea-species. In a few species however, it can happen that the ribs are subequal, and if their number is the same, confusion might arise: N. alpina (D'ORBIGNY): those specimens which have 17-18 subequal ribs can still be differentiated from N. hispanica by the outwardly curved areas and by the broader beak. N. regularis (SCHLOTHEIM): specimens from the Upper Maastrichtian are often covered with 20-23 equal ribs; they can be differentiated from N. hispanica by the areas which are never smooth but covered by riblets. N. gibbosa (PULTENEY): some Cenomanian specinens are covered with 21-23 subequal ribs; they are differentiated from N. hispanica by their very unequal auricles and outwardly curved areas.» DHONDT, A. V. 1973. Systematic revision of the subfamily Neitheinae (Pectinidae, Bivavia, Mollusca) of the European Cretaceus. Mémoires du Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 176: 1-101, pls. 1-5. [p. 14, 15]
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