Aequipecten opercularis opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Sistema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata, [iii], 824 p. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm], 1758. [p. 698, sp. 171]
1758 Ostrea opercularis Linnaeus, 1758
1777 Pecten subrufus Pennant, 1777
1778 Pecten pictus Da Costa, 1778
1778 Pecten lineatus Da Costa, 1778
1791 Ostrea dubia Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea elegans Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea florida Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea incarnata Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea radiata Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea regia Gmelin, 1791
1791 Pecten versicolor Gmelin, 1791 [sp. 20]
1825 Pecten gracilis J. de C. Sowerby, 1825
1825 Pecten regius Defrance, 1825
1826 Pecten audouinii Payraudeau, 1826
1827 Pecten reconditus J. de C. Sowerby, 1827
1840 Pecten tumescens Wood, 1840
1844 Pecten sowerbyi Nyst, 1845
1851 Pecten opercularis var. scabrotus Wood, 1851
1853 Pecten erubescens Reeve, 1853
1853 Pecten daucus Reeve, 1853
1864 Pecten opercularis var. elongata Jeffreys, 1864
1864 Pecten opercularis var. tumida Jeffreys, 1864
1882 Pecten trigonocosta Hilber, 1882
1885 Pecten itorus Gregorio, 1885
1898 Pecten callistus Almera & Bofill, 1898
1901 Chlamys opercularis var. septenvillei Dautzenberg, 1901
1903 Pecten (Chlamys) vescoi Bavay, 1903
1903 Pecten (Aequipecten) domgeri Mikhailovski, 1903
1903 Pecten (Aequipecten) hilberi Mikhailovsky, 1903
1906 Pecten (Chlamys) opercularis var. perdix Bavay, 1906
1910 Aequipecten dentronensis Joksimowitsch, 1910
1925 Pecten (Aequipecten) domgeri var. derbentica Grigorovich-Beresovski, 1925
1932 Pecten malvinae var. tschokrakensis Davidaschvili, 1932
1969 Chlamys bruei coeni Nordsieck, 1969
1969 Chlamys bruei pulchricostata Nordsieck, 1969
1969 Aequipecten lineatus Nordsieck, 1969
1777 Pecten subrufus Pennant, 1777
1778 Pecten pictus Da Costa, 1778
1778 Pecten lineatus Da Costa, 1778
1791 Ostrea dubia Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea elegans Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea florida Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea incarnata Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea radiata Gmelin, 1791
1791 Ostrea regia Gmelin, 1791
1791 Pecten versicolor Gmelin, 1791 [sp. 20]
1825 Pecten gracilis J. de C. Sowerby, 1825
1825 Pecten regius Defrance, 1825
1826 Pecten audouinii Payraudeau, 1826
1827 Pecten reconditus J. de C. Sowerby, 1827
1840 Pecten tumescens Wood, 1840
1844 Pecten sowerbyi Nyst, 1845
1851 Pecten opercularis var. scabrotus Wood, 1851
1853 Pecten erubescens Reeve, 1853
1853 Pecten daucus Reeve, 1853
1864 Pecten opercularis var. elongata Jeffreys, 1864
1864 Pecten opercularis var. tumida Jeffreys, 1864
1882 Pecten trigonocosta Hilber, 1882
1885 Pecten itorus Gregorio, 1885
1898 Pecten callistus Almera & Bofill, 1898
1901 Chlamys opercularis var. septenvillei Dautzenberg, 1901
1903 Pecten (Chlamys) vescoi Bavay, 1903
1903 Pecten (Aequipecten) domgeri Mikhailovski, 1903
1903 Pecten (Aequipecten) hilberi Mikhailovsky, 1903
1906 Pecten (Chlamys) opercularis var. perdix Bavay, 1906
1910 Aequipecten dentronensis Joksimowitsch, 1910
1925 Pecten (Aequipecten) domgeri var. derbentica Grigorovich-Beresovski, 1925
1932 Pecten malvinae var. tschokrakensis Davidaschvili, 1932
1969 Chlamys bruei coeni Nordsieck, 1969
1969 Chlamys bruei pulchricostata Nordsieck, 1969
1969 Aequipecten lineatus Nordsieck, 1969
«Discussion — The present species is extremely common at Kallo, and ranges from the Kattendijk Formation to the Merksem Member (Lillo Formation). Elsewhere in Belgium, there are Pleistocene (Eemian) beach records. In Great Britain, A. o. opercularis is recorded from the Coralline, Red and Mammalian crags, while in the Netherlands it is known from boreholes as well as from material washed ashore. Heering's (1950b, pl. 2, fig. 23) specimen clearly belongs to A. o. opercularis, which means that his material is possibly younger than Miocene. The oldest occurrence in Belgium is probably in the Late Miocene Deurne Member. Pecten sowerbyi Nyst, 1843, a nom. nov. for Pecten reconditus J. de C. Sowerby, 1825 (non Solander in Brander, 1766), is synonymous with A. o. opercularis, judging from shell shape and number of radial ribs (22) in Sowerby's figured specimens. Nyst (1878) did still illustrate P. sowerbyi, but there is no mention in the text which appeared in 1881.
Pecten gracilis J . de C. Sowerby, 1825 is based on material from the Red Crag of East Anglia. Differences from A. o. opercularis mentioned by Wood (1856) include a flatter, thinner shell, slightly different size ratios, and smaller auricles. In showing these features, Sowerby's form is nearly identical with 'var. lineatus' (da Costa, 1778) of A. o. opercularis. According to Poppe & Goto (1993), extant A. o. opercularis occurs in an area between the Lofoten Islands (Norway) in the north and Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Azores to the south, being also known from the Mediterranean, but not from the Black Sea. The bathymetric range is from low tide level down to 400 m. Like fossil shells, extant specimens characteristically have between 18 and 25 radial ribs. Aequipecten o. pinorum (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1914) from the Sallomacian (Middle Miocene) of Aquitaine (France) was first described as a distinct species. Here, we follow Glibert & van de Poel (1965) in considering it a subspecies of A. opercularis. Indeed, shell shape and size and primary radial ribs (each divided into three secondaries, with two intercostal secondary ribs) are all similar to those of the nominate subspecies, and differences are slight. The number of ribs in A. o. pinorum is lower (18-20) and commarginal growth lines form thicker scales when crossing the radial ornament. This subspecies, together with records of A. opercularis sensu lato from Lapugiu (Romania) cited by Studencka et al. (1998), represent the first occurrence of the taxon to date.» MARQUET, R. & H. H. DIJKSTRA. 2000. Pliocene species of Aequipecten (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pectinidae) from the North Sea Basin. Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology, 37 (3-4): 39-55. [p. 41, 42]
|
Aequipecten opercularis opercularis (Linné, 1758); R. Marquet & H. H. Dijkstra, 2000, Pliocene species of Aequipecten from the North Sea Basin, plate 1, figures 1, 2.
|
«Hanley (1855: 110) isolated one complete marked specimen, herein designated as the lectotype (Fig. 7A–D). On the inside of the lectotype (lv) is a small glued label with ‘‘2’’ hand written in ink, and on the inside of the right valve a small glued label with ‘‘List f.30’’ hand written in ink (Dance, 1967: pl. 2, figs 3, 4). The other two isolated valves are unmarked.
Odhner (1953: 6) did not isolate specimens of this species, but a specimen with a printed Swartz label ‘‘opercularis’’ is in the general collection of the UUZM (see Wallin, 1993: 87, Ostrea opercularis # 1041).» DIJKSTRA, H. H. 1999. Type specimens of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) described by Linnaeus (1758-1771). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125: 383-443. [p. 423]
|
Ostrea opercularis Linnaeus, 1758; H. H. Dijkstra, 1999, Type specimens of Pectinidae described by Linnaeus, figures 7A–D.
|
«The Pecten opercularis (Donov. Brit. Shells, vol. I. pl. 12) still reposes in the box marked for this species in the Linnean cabinet. "Penn. Zool. iv. t. 60, f. 63—List. Conch, t. 190, f. 27; t. 191, f. 28; t. 192, f. 29 — List. Ang. t. 5, f. 30 — Gualt. Test. t. 73, f. 9 " are added for a synonymy by the younger Linná, and support the received opinion. The species was apparently determined from the details of the ' Museum Ulricae,' which, at a time when few of the genus Pecten graced the cabinets of the curious, were sufficiently antagonistic to the features of the other known Pectens to cause its ready determination.
The name opercularis originated from an erroneous belief that the paler valve of a Pecten was necessarily the lower, and, as the richer coloured valve was more convex than the other, it was doubtlessly to draw attention to the circumstance that the appellation was bestowed. "Scabrities constat squamis imbricatis minoribus O. palli, sed radii plures" has been written by our author in his own copy of the 'Systema.'» HANLEY S. C. T. 1855. Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia. The Shells of Linnaeus, Determined from his Manuscripts and Collection. London: Williams & Norgate. [p. 110, 111]
|
Ostrea subrufus; E. Donovan, 1799-1803, The natural history of British shells, volume 1, plate 12.
|