Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck, 1819
LAMARCK, J. B. 1819. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent. Tome sixième, Premier partie, 343 p. Chez l'Auteur, au Jardin du Roi. De l'imprimerie de A. Belin. Paris. [p. 191]
1819 Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck, 1819
1833 Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833
1833 Spondylus dubius Broderip, 1833
1856 Spondylus basilicus Reeve, 1856
1833 Spondylus princeps Broderip, 1833
1833 Spondylus dubius Broderip, 1833
1856 Spondylus basilicus Reeve, 1856
Spondylus crassisquama. Lamkarck; J. C. Chenu, 1842-1853, Illustrations conchyliologiques ou descriptions et figures de toutes les coquilles connues vivantes et fossiles, classées suivant le système de Lamarck, plate 6, figure 2 (1843).
|
«12. Spondyle grosses-écailles. Spondylus crassi-squama.
Sp. testâ utrinque rubrâ, longiudinaliter costatâ et sulcatâ; costis squamiferis distantibus; squamis crassis subspathulatis, interdum palmatis.
Rumph. Mus. t. 48. fig. 1.
Encyclop. pl. 192. f. 2. [b] Squamis palmatis. Seba, Mus. 3. t. 88. f. 10. Habite les mers de l'Inde. Mus. nº. Mon cabinet. Celui de M. Dufresne. Ce spondyle, d'un rouge pourpre en dehors, devient grand, fort épais, et a six ou sept rangées d'écailles courtes, épaisses, demi-couchées, incisées et quelquefois palmées au sommet. Il est distinct du suivant. On le trouve fossile à Carthagène d'Amérique. Mon cabinet.» JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK, 1819
|
«This species has largely been known as Spondylus princeps in the taxonomic and biological literature prior to 2009. Huber (2009) details finding a type specimen of Spondylus crassisquama in the Musee d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. This specimen was mistakenly labeled from the Indian Ocean, but it was quickly understood to be from the Panamic Province, and the type locality was changed to Ecuador (Huber 2009). Given the ‘‘Principle of Priority’’ in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (http://iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp), the earlier name, S. crassisquama as proposed by Lamarck in 1819, should be used upon the later name of S. princeps Broderip 1833.»
LODEIROS, C., G. SORIA, P. VALENTICH-SCOTT A. MUNGUÍA-VEGA, J. SANTANA CABRERA, R. CUDNEY-BUENO A. LOOR, A. MARQUEZ & S. SONNENHOLZNER. 2016. Spondylids of Eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Shellfish Research, 35 (2): 279-293, figs. 1-12. [p. 283]
|
Spondylus crassisquama; Lodeiros et al., 2016, Spondylids of Eastern Pacific Ocean, figures 5A-5C.
|
«Discussion: Finet & Lamprell (2008) stated that the annotation in Lamarck’s Animaux sans vertèbres (1819) noted that a single valve of this species was in his possession. They qualified the large single valve in the MHNG as a “possible holotype”. However, Lamarck (1819) based his original description of crassisquama on specimens in his possession and in the Paris Museum and in the Dufresne Collection. His own valve, still present at MNHG, which fits his original description, is here selected as lectotype to ensure stability of this name.
Lamarck’s specimen is virtually identical to a specimen I obtained by diving in the Bahia San Carlos area, Sonora, Mexico (Figure 2). However, the presence of a Panamic specimen in Lamarck’s hands that early makes an origin from Ecuador or Peru more likely (G. Coan, personal communication, January 2009). Therefore, Ecuador is here selected as type locality. G. B. Sowerby II (1847) and Reeve (1856) considered Chemnitz (1783: pl. 69, figs. E-F) to be the same species. Schreibers (1793: 158), who first provided an available Latin name for these figures, termed it Spondylus pictorum, erroneously with a Mediterranean locality. However, as concluded by Lamprell (2006: 66), neither Chemnitz’ figure nor Schreibers’ description conform to crassisquama, but represent instead the Indo-Pacific Spondylus foliaceus Schreibers, 1793. Size, sculpture, border, and orange yellow color are unlike crassisquama, but fit foliaceus. Compared to typical Indo-Pacific S. foliaceus (Figures 5, 6), the Panamic S. crassisquama differs as follows: Most obvious is the broad colored border along the entire margin. As stated and well-depicted by Skoglund & Mulliner this was also seen in all crassisquama observed and is clearly seen in Lamarck’s lectotype. Spondylus foliaceus has a much narrower and generally much weaker colored marginal band, and the marginal crenulations are finer. Furthermore, the sculpture is distinct: Spondylus crassisquama has more ribs with strong interstitial ribbing, whereas foliaceus generally has 5-6 strong ribs with large, often upright spines and interstitially bare ribs. In addition, the red uniform color of the crassisquama lectotype is typically found in Panamic specimens, whereas foliaceus is usually mauve-white, brownish to bright orange. The lectotype of crassisquama is 116 mm. The Panamic species is a large bivalve with adults generally above 100 mm, exceptionally reaching over 200 mm. Spondylus foliaceus is a medium-sized bivalve, around 70-80 mm or 94 mm (Chemnitz’ specimen), but rarely exceeding 100 mm. It is unlikely that Lamarck's single valve should be the \argest foliaceus known. Finally, no alternative is known. None of the more than a thousand specimens of various species of the genus and more than 50 Indo-Pacific species studied conform to the lectotype of S. crassisquama. None of the Caribbean, Mediterranean, West African, Japanese, or Hawaiian species is close to Lamarck’s. Because Lamarck’s name has been validly used many times after 1899, for example, by Fulton (1915) as a valid Panamic species and recently by Oliver (1992) as a valid Red Sea species, a “reversal of precedence” allowed by the Code of Zoological Nomenclature is not possible, and because type material is extant, a petition to suppress Lamarck’s name is even less justified. In addition, a lectotype is present and was figured more than 150 years ago. Finally, the species was consistently recognized by British authors from 1847 until 1915.» HUBER, M. 2009. Name changes for the two well-known Panamic spondylids. The Festivus, 41 (7): 103-109, figs. 1-12. [p. 104, 106]
|
Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck, 1819; M. Huber, 2009, Name changes for the two well-known Panamic spondylids, figures 1-4.
|