Chlamys behringiana (Middendorff, 1849)
MIDDENDORFF, A. T. VON. 1849. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica, III. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands, gehörigen Zweischaler. Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences naturelles, 6: 517-610, pls. 1-21. [p. 528, pl. 13, figs. 1-3]
1849 Pecten islandicus var. behringiana Middendorff, 1849
1898 Pecten hericeus var. strategus Dall, 1898
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana graui MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana unalaskae MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) pseudislandica MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) pseudislandica arconis MacNeil, 1967
1898 Pecten hericeus var. strategus Dall, 1898
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana graui MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana unalaskae MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) pseudislandica MacNeil, 1967
1967 Chlamys (Chlamys) pseudislandica arconis MacNeil, 1967
A. T. von Middendorff, 1849,
plate 13. |
«1) Dem Pect. Islandicus höchst nahe, und wahrscheinlich nur eine var. Behringiana desselben. Leider besitze ich nur die Oberschale von dreien Exemplaren, welche im Behrings-Eismeere gesammelt worden; die grösste derselben ist 56 m. lang, und dabei 11 m. hoch, woraus ersichtlich wird, dass der Bauch dieser Oberschalen etwas gewölbter ist, als beim Pect. Islandicus. Die Skulptur gleicht, nur stärker ausgeprägt, der Normalskulptur des Pect. Islandicus, und zwar wechselt je einer der 25 Hauptstreifen mit einem Zwischenstreifen, in einer Regelmässigkeit , wie das bei keinem der Exemplare jener Art der Fall war. Beiderlei Streifen sind übrigens ganz wie bei Pect. Islandicus geschuppt und auch die Zwischenräume lassen unter der Loupe jene raspelähnlichen Schüppchen sehen, welche Philippi abgebildet hat. Vielleicht hatte Hancock eine Uebergangsform zu dieser Skulptur vor Augen, als er schrieb (Ann. and Magaz. of Nat. Hist. Vol. XVIII. 1846 p. 332), dass die Exemplare der Davis-Strasse stärker gerippt seien, als die aus New-Foundland. Die Farbe ist innen weiss, mit Seidenglanz, and äusserlich karminroth, wie ich noch bei keinem Pect. Islandicus sahe, sondern übereinstimmend mit Hinds Abbildung, nur etwas minder violett. Vergl. Taf. XIII, fig. 1 — 3.
Wahrscheinlich erwähnt Steller (l. c.) dieser Art oder Abart, als häufig und gross in Kamtschatka.» ALEXANDER THEODOR VON MIDDENDORF, 1849
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«Chlamys behringiana (Middendorff, 1849). Bering scallop.
Pecten islandicus behringiana Middendorff 1849; P. hericeus strategus Dall 1898; ?P. (Chlamys) lioicus Dall 1907; Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana graui MacNeil 1967; C. (Chlamys) beringiana unalaskae MacNeil 1967; C. (Chlamys) pseudislandica MacNeil 1967; C. (Chlamys) pseudislandica plafkeri MacNeil 1967; C. (Chlamys) pseudislandica arconis MacNeil 1967; C. (Chlamys) islandica thulensis MacNeil 1967; C. islandica (Gmelin), auctt., non Gmelin 1791. Type locality: Bering Sea. Distribution: Beaufort Sea to Point Barrow, Alaska, through the Chukchi Sea, south in the Bering Sea to Bristol Bay and west to Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands; Kamchatka; Hokkaido, Japan; 25–150 m.» DRUMM, D. T., K. P. MASLENIKOV, R. V. SYOC, J. W. ORR, R. R. LAUTH, D. E. STEVENSON & T. W. PIETSCH. 2016. An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 19: 1-289. [p. 141, 142]
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«Chlamys behringiana (PI. 1, Figs. 9, 10), treated as a subspecies of C. islandica by Grau (1959) but as a separate specie s by MacNeil (1967) and Bernard (1983), is primarily an inhabitant of the Chuk chi Sea and western Bering Sea. According to R. M. Baxter (personal comm., January 8, 1979: see also Baxter, 1983), who has collected extensively along Alaskan coasts, C. behringiana is the only species of Chlamys present in the Chukchi Sea. The species extends southward through the Bering Strait, following a tongue of deeper water into the western part of the Bering Sea. The species apparently does not occur in the Gulf of Alaska and along the British Columbia coast, the report by Grau (1959) notwithstanding.»
WALLER,
T. R. 1991. Evolutionary relationships among commercial scallops
(Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae). In: Shumway S. E. (ed.), Scallops:
biology, ecology and aquaculture. Developments in Aquaculture and
Fisheries Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 21: 1-73, pls. 1-8. [p. 20]
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Chlamys behringiana;T. R. Waller, 1991, Evolutionary relationships among commercial scallops, plate 1, figures 9, 19.
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«Discussion.— The original drawings of this species are inadequate for positive identification; the ears as reconstructed in Middendorff's figures 1 and 2 are presumed to represent supposedly subjacent right valves. On the basis of the original figures, it would be difficult to distinguish this species from C. pugetensis (Oldroyd) (pl. 22, figs. 4, 5).
Dr. A. O. Scarlato, Zoological Institute, Academy of Science, Leningrad, has kindly supplied me with photographs of two specimens stated to be the types of Pecten islandicus var. behringiana Middendorff. One photograph (pl. 24, fig. 2) is of the largest of the three specimens figured by Middendorff (1849, pl. 13, fig. 1), and it is here designated the lectotype. The other photograph (pl. 24, fig. 1) is of the specimen figured by Middendorff (1849, pl. 12, fig. 9) as Pecten rubidus Hinds? Middendorff discussed both forms under Pecten rubidus in his text. The lectotype of C. beringiana comes presumably from Bering Sea, possibly from off Kamchatka. The larger specimen that Middendorff identified in his plate explanation as P. rubidus comes presumably from Sitka. I am not entirely certain of the identification of either of these photographs. I am inclined to believe, however, that the larger specimen, a left valve, from Sitka (pl. 24, fig. 1) belongs to the species here identified as C. rubida hindsii and that it is close to the variant from postglacial deposits near Juneau here figured on plate 18, figure 4. Its ribs are slightly wider than on that specimen but otherwise the two specimens are very similar. A reticulate microsculpture covers both the ribs and interspaces on both specimens. The identity of the lectotype of C. beringiana is much less certain. It has reticulate microscultpure on the early stages, but the interspaces of the later stages appear to be smooth. The primary ribs are of approximately the same size. Some of the interspaces have two interstitial riblets. The lectotype probably comes closest to the left valve of C. beringiana figured on plate 21, figure 5, but the latter has less-equisized ribs. Another left valve figured by Middendorff (1849, pl. 13, fig. 2) has slightly curved inequisized ribs, and it may be the same species that Kira (1955, pl. 49, fig. 9) figured as Chlamys islandica hindsii. It would appear that the lectotype of C. beringiana is one of the less discordantly ribbed variants of the species. Possibly this variant is more common along the eastern Asiatic coast, where it ranges at least as far south as Hokkaido. The lectotype is fairly close to a left valve figured by Pavlovsky (1955, pl. 50, fig. 10) as Chlamys beringianus. A right valve with moderately uniform ribs (pl. 24, fig. 3) was collected from St. Lawrence Island. The lectotype of C. beringiana (pl. 24, fig. 2) thus seems to represent the less extremely sculptured variants of the species. The opposite extreme of the species is represented by C. b. graui (Grau, 1959, pl. 23, fig. 2), which has crude high ribs that may or may not divide terminally and relatively narrow, deep interspaces that usually contain a single interstitial riblet.» MACNEIL, F. S. 1967. Cenozoic pectinids of Alaska, Iceland, and other nothern regions. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 553: iv, 57 p., pls. 1-25. [p. 24, 25]
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Chlamys (Chlamys) beringiana (Middendorff); F. S. MacNeil, 1967, Cenozoic pectinids of Alaska, Iceland, and other nothern regions, plate 20, figure 2; plate 21, figures 2, 5-7; plate 23, figures 3, 6; plate 24, figures 2, 3.
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«Additional description: Adult shell averaging about 35 millimeters in altitude, slightly higher than long, inequivalve, equilateral, except for ears; both valves nearly flat up to an altitude of about 22 millimeters, where they generally become more convex by contraction, and the sculpture becomes more complicated. Right valve with 9 to 12 prominent, subequal, broad, nearly flat-topped, usually dichotomous, turgid ribs, with sometimes smaller intercalary riblets, all of which break up more or less suddenly into fasciculi of two or more riblets upon reaching an altitude of about 22 millimeters; interspaces subequal, broad and channeled; whole surface of disk and ribs microscopically tessellated; hinge line equal to about one-half length of disk; anterior ear much produced, and sculptured by line imbricating incremental lines and about 6 radial ridges; byssal notch prominent; posterior ear nearly obsolete, sculptured similarly to right [anterior]. Left valve resembling the right except that the ribs are narrower, more convex, and with the intercalary riblets usually more imbricated; interspaces broader than in right valve; anterior ear with about 8 imbricated ridges. Color of recent specimens bright scarlet. Alt. 35 mm.; long. 34 mm.; hinge line 17 mm., diameter 16 mm.; umbonal angle 83 mm. [83°]. This variety is easily distinguished by its few broad ribs, which increase in number very rapidly both by division and intercalation after reaching an altitude of about 20 millimeters. Arnold, 1906, describing Pecten (Chlamys) hastatus Sowerby var. strategus Dall.
Remarks: The Bering Sea, for which Middendorff named this subspecies, was originally the Behring Sea, after the Danish navigator Vitus Behring (1680-1741). Subsequent authors emended Behringiana to behringiana or beringianus, but Article 20 of the International Rules stipulates that original spellings must be preserved. Dall (1914, p. 122) said, "P. islandicus Müller, extends from the Arctic south in constantly deeper water to the Strait of Fuca. Varieties of this were supposed to be P. rubidus Hinds, by Middendorff, who did not know the true rubidus [Martyn, 1784; = P. islandicus Müller], and his name for one variety, beringiana, takes precedence of my variety strategus, which is identical." As noted under Chlamys islandica (Müller), there are no valid records for that species from south of the Bering Sea. The ribs of Chlamys islandica behringiana are quite variable. Those of the right valve may be low and broadly-rounded fasciculi of five or six ridges, or higher, narrower and dichotomous, dividing again near the ventral margin. On the left valve they may be broadly-rounded fasciculi with less prominent intercalaries, or narrow, distantly fasciculated and with more prominent intercalaries. The differences in rib-structure and the smaller posterior auricles are are principle criteria for separating this subspecies from the typical. Geographical range: Bering Sea; Gulf of Alaska, southward along the Alaskan coast and off British Columbia, Canada. Geochronological range: Upper Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent. Bathimetric range: No data available. Ecological data: None available.» GRAU, G. 1959. Pectinidae of the eastern Pacific. Allan Hancock
Pacific Expeditions, 23: i-viii, 1-308, pls. 1-57. University of
Southern California Press. Los Angeles, California.
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Chlamys islandica bchringiana (Middendorff) 1849; G. Grau, 1959, Pectinidae of the eastern Pacific, plate 23, figure 2.
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