Nodipecten fragosus (Conrad, 1849)
CONRAD, T. A. 1849. Notes on shells, with descriptions with descriptions of new genera and species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia [2nd Series], 1 (3): 210-214 (Plates issued in vol. 1, pt. 4, Jan. 1850). [p. 214, pl. 39, fig. 11 (Jan. 1850)]
1849 Pecten fragosus Conrad, 1849
T. A. Conrad, 1850, plate 39.
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«P. FRAGOSUS.— Ovate; inferior valve nearly flat; ribs eight, six of which are very large, rounded, profoundly elevated, nodose, longitudinally sulcated; intercostal spaces very narrow, crossed by transverse elevated laminae, and destitute of longitudinal lines; posterior ear produced, margin dentate; colour deep orange. Length 2 inches: height the same.
Inhabits the West Indies. Differs from P. nodosus in having fewer, sulcated and much larger ribs, narrower interstices with transverse laminae; and in the flatness of the inferior valve. The anterior and posterior submargins have longitudinal lines, but the intercostal spaces are without any.» TIMOTHY ABBOT CONRAD, 1849
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«All older experts synonymized Conrad’s N. fragosus with Linnaeus’ nodosus. Almost all modern experts differentiate. However, the main difference, 8 or 9 ribs, is tenuous, and some Floridan forms even have also 9 ribs. Both “species” may or may not have nodules, both attain a comparable size, no marked differences in sculpture were detected. The traverse laminae are also seen in Brazilian specimens. In addition, Conrad, 1849 obviously described his species from the West Indies, where, according to modern experts, it should not occur. Unless genetic data would strongly support a distinction, P. fragosus is resynonymized with the variable nodosus.»
HUBER, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. 901 pp. + 1 CD-ROM. ConchBooks. Hackenheim, Germany. [p. 625]
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«Holotype.— Missing. Conrad (1849) illustrated a right valve 2 in. high, 2 in. long, with unequal auricles and eight slightly nodose ribs. He noted the differences from Pecten nodosus: "***fewer, sulcated, and much larger ribs***" Color deep orange.
Type locality.— "Inhabits the West Indies" does not fit the specimen Conrad described and illustrated. That taxon is the common form that lives off Florida today. Neotype.— USNM. 818272, here designated, is an individual having four generations of nodes on alternate ribs of the left valve, no nodes on the right valve but wellpreserved concentric lirae that coincide with the original figure. Height 8.3 cm, length 8.5 cm. Neotype locality.— Southern Florida, Tarpon Springs. Collected by sponge divers (loc. CAS 41794). From same lot: Voucher Specimen CAS 029017. Description.— The scallop popularly known as the "Lion's Paw." Valves equally convex, height equal to length. Beaks project slightly above hinge line; auricles unequal, sculptured by five or six heavy radials; anterior auricle twice as long as posterior auricle. Byssal notch deep; hinge line greater than half the shell length; umbonal angle 86-94°. Right valves with eight strongly paired ribs, a prominent central space between them. Anterior- and posterior-most riblets narrow to incipient ridges. Ribs may be straight or nodose, with knobs on each rib. Some individuals develop prominent concentric frills that in some cases completely mask the fine radial striae. Left valves with seven ribs alternating in width on either side of a wide central rib; ribs nodose or not, alternating key ribs wider or more prominent in a scheme described as r N r Nc r N r. Concentric laminae are sometimes preserved in interspaces of newly added adult shell; the laminae are very thin and brittle, and that is probably why they are not commonly seen. Exterior colors range from orange to reddish brown, sometimes mottled; interior margins commonly outlined by a yellow-orange band. The largest specimens measure more than 14 cm high, 15 cm long (MCZ collections, from Tarpon Springs, and ANSP 227762 from Bradenton, Fla). Variability.— Considerable variation in prominence of nodes. Some individuals have transverse laminae instead of concentric lirae in juvenile parts of shells and in anterior and posterior interspaces (for example, USNM 715050, from off Campeche Bank, Yucatan Peninsula). Holocene specimens from off the Carolinas, Fla. (pl. 7, fig. 5), and from eastern Mexico commonly have large bulbous nodes on both valves; they develop after the shell is 4.5-5 cm high. Juveniles may have one rib more than adults, commonly a posterior incipient rib. Comparative notes.— The "Florida form," N. fragosus, is distinguished from the Caribbean form, N. nodosus, by its fewer ribs (7 or 8 instead of 9 or 10), finer macrosculpture and greater tendency to develop nodes on both valves. Some specimens of N. fragosus have concentric laminae instead of lirae crossing the radial costae. Right valves are more difficult to distinguish, as marginal ribs may be incipient in some specimens of N. nodosus and more prominent in some Florida specimens. Heavily nodose right valves of N. fragosus from the Pleistocene of South Bay, Fla. are similar to N. pernodosus, but that species is distinguished by an extra rib and shorter hinge line. Fossil specimens of N. fragosus have fewer ribs and finer reticulate macrosculpture than specimens of N. collierensis.» SMITH, J. T. 1991. Cenozoic Giant Pectinids from California and the Tertiary Caribbean Province: Lyropecten, "Macrochlamis", Vertipecten, and Nodipecten species. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1391: v + 1-155, figs. 1-18, pls. 1-38. [p. 92]
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Nodipecten fragosus (Conrad, 1849); J. T. Smith, 1991, Cenozoic Giant Pectinids from California and the Tertiary Caribbean Province, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4.
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