Eopecten spondyloides (Roemer 1836)
ROEMER, F. A. 1836. Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Oolithen-Gebirges. Hannover [p. 87, pl. 13, figs. 14a, 14b]
1835 Spondylus tuberculosus Goldfuss, 1835
1836 Avicula spondyloides Roemer, 1836
1850 Avicula jason Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites pamphilus Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites paniscus Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites psyche Orbigny, 1850
1850 Avicula janthe Orbigny, 1850
1853 Hinnites tegulatus Morris & Lycett, 1853
1858 Pecten tuberculosus gingensis Quenstedt, 1858
1859 Pecten parisoti Contejean, 1859
1863 Hinnites fallax Dollfus, 1863
1872 Hinnites cornueli De Loriol in De Loriol et al., 1872
1875 Hinnites lorioli Gemmellaro, 1875
1886 Hinnites velatus var. irgetus De Gregorio, 1886
1888 Hinnites clathratus Schlippe, 1888
1893 Hinnites? lepidus De Loriol, 1893
1898 Pecten (Velopecten) sarthensis E. Philippi, 1898
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) ernii Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) oolithicus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) morrisi Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) peroni Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) astartinus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) aeberhardti Rollier, 1915
1931 Velata wiltoniensis Arkell, 1931
1931 Velata anglica Arkell, 1931
1836 Avicula spondyloides Roemer, 1836
1850 Avicula jason Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites pamphilus Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites paniscus Orbigny, 1850
1850 Hinnites psyche Orbigny, 1850
1850 Avicula janthe Orbigny, 1850
1853 Hinnites tegulatus Morris & Lycett, 1853
1858 Pecten tuberculosus gingensis Quenstedt, 1858
1859 Pecten parisoti Contejean, 1859
1863 Hinnites fallax Dollfus, 1863
1872 Hinnites cornueli De Loriol in De Loriol et al., 1872
1875 Hinnites lorioli Gemmellaro, 1875
1886 Hinnites velatus var. irgetus De Gregorio, 1886
1888 Hinnites clathratus Schlippe, 1888
1893 Hinnites? lepidus De Loriol, 1893
1898 Pecten (Velopecten) sarthensis E. Philippi, 1898
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) ernii Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) oolithicus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) morrisi Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) peroni Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) astartinus Rollier, 1915
1915 Hinnites (Prospondylus) aeberhardti Rollier, 1915
1931 Velata wiltoniensis Arkell, 1931
1931 Velata anglica Arkell, 1931
F. A. Roemer, 1836, plate 13.
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«6. Avicula spondyloides NOB.
A. valva dextra oblique ovato - orbiculari fornicata 20 - 30 costulata, ala antica obsoleta postica depressa permagna costulata, costulis subnodulosis, sulcis interstitialibus linea ornatis. Die allein vorliegende rechte Schale ist breit - eirund, fast kreisrund, hoch gewölbt und hinten durch starke Niederbiegung in einen grossen Flügel übergehend. Die ganze Oberfläche ist mit 20 bis 30 scharfen, etwas knotigen Rippen bedeckt, in deren Zwischenräumen man eine deutliche Längslinie bemerkt. Der etwas zugespitzte Buckel liegt ziemlich in der Mitte. Findet sich 12 bis 18 Linien gross im unteren Coral rag bei Heersurn und im mittleren Coral rag bei Hannover, Die Gattungskennzeichen haben noch nicht genau untersucht werden können.» FRIEDERICH ADOLPH ROEMER, 1836
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«2. AMENDED DIAGNOSIS
Distingusihed from E. velatus by the tendency, on the left valve, for intercalary costae to rapidly gain the same height as originals. Distinguished from E. abjectus by the similarity in height of the original costae.
3. AMENDED DESCRIPTION
Essentially very similar to E. velatus in its often irregular shape (e. g. PL 5, Fig. 10) and variable H/L and AH/H (text figs. 143, 142). The main difference lies in the radial ornament of the left valve which consists of about 20 original costae which are continually added to by the intercalation of new costae (rapidly gaining the same height as originals) such that at H: 1 there are between 22 (OUM J34325) and 32 (YM 679) costae, at H: 20 between 30 (OUM J34325) and 48 (YM 679) costae, at H: 30 between 40 (YM 442) and 56 (OUM J34325) costae, at H: 50-60 over 100 costae (Arkell, 1931a) andsoon. The left valve of E. spondyloides also exhibits small, closely spaced imbricate lamellae on the costae unhke the left valve of E. velatus which bears only growth lines in addition to the costae.
The maximum height of E. spondyloides is 140 mm (Waagen, 1867). 4. DISCUSSION
As in E. velatus the extreme variability in shape and ornament of the species described in Section 3 has resulted in the proliferation of a vast number of specific names, in many cases based on a very small number of specimens. Those species which are, in the author's opinion, adequately characterised (by means of available types, clear lllustrations or detailed descriptions) such that there can be no doubt as to their affinity with the species described in Section 3, are placed in synonymy but not discussed, lt being deemed of little value to attempt to describe individual variants. Secondary references to these species are only included in the synonymy where there can be no doubt as to their systematic position. Equivocal secondary references may be traced in TERQUEM and JOURDY (1869), de LORIOL and PELLAT (1875), SIEMIRADZKI (1893), COSSMANN (1900, 1907a, 1914, 1922), PARIS and RICHARDSON (1916), LISSAJOUS (1923), LANQUINE (1929), DECHASEUX (1936), J.-C. FISCHER (1964) and BEHMEL and GEYER (1966).
Although the author has been unable to examine the holotype (M) of 'Avicula' spondyloides ROEMER there can be little doubt from the illustration that it is an example of the species described in Section 3. The holotype (M) of Spondylus tuberculosus GOLDFUSS (BSPHG AS VII 640; PI. 6, Fig. 1 ), a species erected in the same year as ROEMER's, shows some resemblance to the species described in Section 3 but its rather coarse ornament and high convexity suggest that it is in fact an example of Eopecten abjectus. As the earliest specific name erected for an undoubted example of the species described above, 'A.' spondyloides is herein taken to be the senior synonym. QUESTENDT (1858; 'Pecten' tuberculosus Gingensis only) and LISSAJOUS (1923) have used GOLDFUSS' specific name for examples of Eopecten spondyloides; 'Pecten' tuberculosus (GOLDFUSS); QUESTENDT is representative of E. abjectus while 'Velata' tuberculosa (Goldfuss); DECHASEUX is apparently an example of Ctenostreon. The frequent misapplication of the name velatus GOLDFUSS to E. spondyloides (see Synonymy) is discussed under E. velatus and MORRIS and LYCETT's (1853) incorrect use of 'Hinnites' abjectus (PHILLIPS) is discussed under E. abjectus. 'H. ' ('Prospondylus') astartinus ROLLIER should be rejected as a junior secondary homonym of 'H.' astartinus Greppin (= E. velatus). Although unfigured and inadequately described, ROLLIER's (1915) species 'H.' ('Pr. ') oolithicus, 'H.' ('Pr. ') Morrisi, 'H.' ('Pr.') Peroni and 'H.' ('Pr.') astartinus are based on specimens figured in respectively MORRIS and LYCETT (1853, 1855), PERON (1905) and de LORIOL and LAMBERT (1893) which are clearly referable to E. spondyloides.» JOHNSON, A. L. A. 1984. The palaeobiology of the bivalve families Pectinidae and Propeamussiidae in the Jurassic of Europe. Zitteliana, 11: 1-235, pls. 1-11. [p. 156]
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Eopecten spondyloides (Roemer 1836); A. L. A. Johnson, 1984, The palaeobiology of the bivalve families Pectinidae and Propeamussiidae in the Jurassic of Europe, plate 5, figures 9-14; plate 6, figures 2, 4, 7, ? figure 1.
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