Cryptopecten bernardi (Philippi, 1851)
PHILIPPI, R. A. 1851. Centuria quinta Testaceorum novorum. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, 8 (6): 81-96. [p. 90]
Cryptopecten bernardi (Philippi, 1851); B. K. Raines & G. T. Poppe, 2006, A Conchological Iconography, The Family Pectinidae, plate 274, figures 1a, 1b, 4a, 4b.
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«P. testa parvula, solida, inflata, inaequivaivi, alba, strigis raris rufis picta; extremitate postica productiore, acutiore; costis 16 — 17, interstitia fere ter aequantibus planis, tricarinatis in utraque valva subaequalibus, auriculis inaequalibus, obliquis, costatis; lunula areaque distinctis; cardine dentato. Long. 10'''; alt. ab umbonibus adv entrem 9½'''; crass. 7'''; auricula antica 4''', postica 2¼''' longa.
Patria: Species forma turgida et sculptura valde insignis. Ambitus, demtis auriculis, fere idem atque in P. inaequivalvi Sow., valva inferior fere sequies magia tumida quam superior. Apices prominuli, involuti. Area et praesertim lunula distinctae, angulo cinctae, transversim planae, costis simplicibus subnodulosis aeque atque auriculae sculptae. Reliquae costae valde peculiares. Carinae earum lineares, subserratae; interstitia sub lente elegantissime transversim striata. Color albus, strigis raris, angulatis, rufis, in valva superiore majoribus pictus; area et lunula rufo marmoratae, subtessellatae. Pagina interna alba versus ambitum rufescens. Cardo dentibus validis instructus, duobus divergentibus in utraque valva, cardinem Spondylorum in mentem vocans.» RUDOLPH AMANDUS PHILIPPI, 1851
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«DISTRIBUTION. — Marquesas Islands; live in 35-108 m (Dijkstra unpubl. data). Present material live in 35-55 m, dead in 109-I015 m.
Melvill (1888) mentioned the locality Japan for P. hastingsii, which is a junior synonym of the present species (see also Wagner 1989). This locality is doubtful. No material referable to of C. bernardi has ever been recorded subsequently from that region. REMARKS. — This rare species has previously been synonymzed with Cryptopecten nux (Reeve, 1853) (Hayami 1984; Rombouts 1991), a common pectinid, widely distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Wagner (1989), however, clearly described and figured C. bernardi and distinguished it from C. nux.» DIJKSTRA, H. H. & P. MAESTRATI. 2008. New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamusiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the South Pacific. In: V. Héros, R. H. Cowie & P. Bouchet (eds), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos 25. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 196: 77-113, figs. 1-55. [p. 108]
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Cryptopecten bernardi (Philippi, 1851); H. H. Dijkstra & P. Maestrati, 2008, New species and new records of deep-water Pectinoidea from the South Pacific, figures 51-58.
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«Description.— Shell solid, triangular, wider than long (also when overhanging top is included), max. h. 20.2 mm (excl. overhanging part of the top 19.6 mm), w. 20.6 mm, d. 13.6 mm. Valves inaequilateral, right valve up to 1.37 times more convex than left one; left valve with 17 equally pronounced ribs; right valve with 17-18 ribs, also equally pronounced; lunulae with several finely squamate riblets. Microsculpture as described for the genus. Anterior auricles 1.4-1.6 times as large as the posterior ones; anterior auricle of the left valve with 6-7 ribs, of the right valve with 4; posterior auricle of the left valve with 6-7 ribs, of the right valve with 6. Byssal notch with 3-4 teeth. Resilium small and triangular, a large tooth present on the hinge. Top distinctly passing the hinge-line. Top angle 90°-95°. Colour pattern of the shell basically white with fine reddish-brown and pure white V-shaped markings. Internally the valves are brownish.
Remarks. — This species is often confused with the preceeding one, C. nux. Philippi described his species from an unknown locality. The type-locality that was originally given by Reeve for P. nux as "Port Anna Maria, Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands", an area where Philippi's species can be found and not C. nux, is questionable, because for the specimen that he erroneously identified as Pecten coruscans Hinds, 1844, Reeve quoted the type-locality of Hinds' type. Later, Reeve discovered the mix-up of species, renamed the shell P. nux, but did not give the correct locality or a note that the one given might be wrong. Therefore it is not suprising that C. bernardi and C. nux were considered conspecific. The specimen that Melvill in 1888 named P. hastingsii also has a questionable type-locality; since he described all species mentioned in this paper simultaneously, it is not surprising that its type-locality could have been mixed up with that of C. hysginodes. According to Dijkstra (personal communication) typical C. bernardi is mainly known from the French Polynesian area. This species can be distinguished from C. nux by the much smaller top angle, which gives the shell its triangular shape, the very globose left and right valves, the large hinge, tooth on each valve, the presence of fine riblets on the lunulae (absent in C. nux), and its distinctly larger size. Type-locality.— The type-locality cannot be established since the provenance of the holotype is unknown. Distribution.— This species can be found in the central Pacific.» WAGNER, H. P. 1989. The genus Cryptopecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in the Indo-Pacific (Mollusca; Bivalvia; Pectinidae). Basteria, 53: 53-62, figs. 1-18. [p. 55, 56]
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Cryptopecten bernardi (Philippi, 1851); H. P. Wagner, 1989, The genus Cryptopecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938, in the Indo-Pacific, figures 3 (holotype), 4 (holotype of Pecten hastingsii Melville), 5 (specimen from Marquesas Is.).
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«Dr. T. R. Waller suggested to me (oral communication) the possibility that Pecten nux Reeve, 1853, together with several subsequently proposed nominal species, may fall into a junior synonym of Pecten bernardi Philippi, 1851, because one of the "type-specimens" of P. bernardi no locality data, which is preserved in the British Museum (Natural History) (BM (NH) 1923. 7.13.7), shares essentially the same morphological characters with the illustrated syntype of. P. nux. As he commented, however, some ambiguity still remains as to the type identity, because Philippi's original description was brief and not accompanied by any illustrations. For the time being I regard P. nux as the earliest undoubted name for the species under consideration.»
HAYAMI, I. 1984. Natural history and evolution of Cryptopecten (A Cenozoic-Recent pectinid genus). The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Bulletin, 24: 24: 1-149, pls. 1-13. [p. 99]
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