Spondylus occidens G. B. Sowerby III, 1903
SOWERBY III, G. B. 1903. New species of Nassa, Purpura, Latirus, Voluta, Conus, Stomatella and Spondylus. Journal of the Malacological Society of London, 10: 73-77, pl. 5. [p. 77, pl. 5, fig. 9]
1903 Spondylus occidens G. B. Sowerby III, 1903
2001 Spondylus mireilleae Lamprell & Healy, 2001
2001 Spondylus mireilleae Lamprell & Healy, 2001
G. B. Sowerby III, 1903, plate 5.
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«Testa suboblique ovata, crassa; valva superiori planato-convexa, luteola-aurantio-rufo sex-radiata, undique densissime radiatum lirata, liris brevis, sime et densissime muricatis; valva inferiori ventricosa, luteola, irregulariter squamosa.
Long. 60, lat. 49 millim. Hab.— Philippines (specimen unique). A remarkable species very densely imbricated, with minute scales, and two or three rows of somewhat larger ones. It is conspicuously coloured with six orange-red rays.» GEORGE BRETTINGHAM SOWERBY III, 1903
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«Diagnosis. Shell small to medium, inflated, thin but not fragile, oblique and somewhat equivalve; auricles relatively small, with the left auricle smaller than the right. Exterior surface sculpture variable consisting of nearly 50 primary radial ribs, which are low and flattened umbonally, and become stronger, raised and ovate with narrow interstices at the margins; some specimens may also have a secondary radial riblet within each interstice; or may have ribs which are ornamented with numerous raised, irregular spines, especially when juvenile. Color from yellow to reddish-brown.
Remarks. This species was first reported as S. mireilleae by Raines (2002), however, Huber (2010: 631) synonymized that species with the widely distributed S. occidens based on type and numerous fresh material studied. This common species was recently addressed by Dijkstra and Marshall (2008: 76) from Norfolk and Kermadec Islands. Although S. mireilleae was not treated, Lamprell (2006: 96)’s former synonymy of S. jamarci Okutani, 1983, was resolved by differences in ribbing. However, the numerous S. occidens studied by the junior author throughout the Indo-Pacific demonstrated not only a high variability in ribbing, but also in color which supported instead Lamprell’s synonymy. In the end, only broad genetic data can reliably resolve spondylids. Habitat. Occasionally found at several locations around EI, in sand and rubble, from 30-50 m. Distribution. Spondylus occidens is a widely distributed species, which has been recorded from eastern Africa to the Kermadec Islands, including Saya de Malha Bank, (Indian Ocean, and largest submerged bank in the world), Japan, Indonesia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, eastern Australia, West Norfolk Ridge, and Easter Island. However, it has not been recorded from the Hawaiian Islands.» RAINES, B. K. & M. HUBER. 2012. Biodiversity Quadrupled—Revision of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Bivalves. Zootaxa, 3217: 1-106, figs. 1-49. [p. 39]
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Spondylus occidens G.B. Sowerby III, 1903; B. K. Raines & M. Huber, 2012, Biodiversity Quadrupled — Revision of Easter Island and Salas y Gómez Bivalves, figures 19A-19F.
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«Distribution
Saya de Malha Bank (Indian Ocean), Japan, Indonesia, Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, West Norfolk Ridge, and Kermadec Islands, 73–319 m; bathymetric range of living specimens uncertain, though certainly in the range 165–220 m (Fig. 66). Remarks
The present specimens are accordant with the original description and illustration of the holotype of S. occidens (G.B. Sowerby III, 1903), and Japanese material that is evidently conspecific. Spondylus occidens is distinctive in having reddish and whitish radial bands, up to about seven rows of spines of moderate size or a few scattered primary spines separated by rows of short spines. It is compared with the similar species S. jamarci above [*]. This is a new record for the New Zealand region.» [*] Spondylus jamarci resembles S. occidens G.B. Sowerby III, 1903 (see below), in size, shape, colour and colour pattern, but differs in having fewer radial ribs, prominent spines on almost all of the radial ribs instead about seven or fewer of them; in having slender, curved secondary spines with lateral spinelets (both absent in all specimens of S. occidens seen), and in having a more deeply crenulated ventral margin. We thus consider that Lamprell (1987, 2006) and Lamprell and Healy (2001) were mistaken in interpreting S. jamarci as a synonym of S. occidens. Both species occur sympatrically off northern New Zealand.
DIJKSTRA, H. H. & B. A. MARSHALL. 2008. The recent Pectinoidea of the New Zealand region (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Propeamusiidae,Pectinidae and Spondylidae). Molluscan Research, 28 (1): 1-88, figs. 1-70. [p. 76, 77]
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Spondylus occidens G.B. Sowerby III, 1903.; H. H. Dijkstra & B. A. Marshall, 2008, The recent Pectinoidea of the New Zealand region, figures 64C, 64D, 64J.
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