Scaeochlamys livida (Lamarck, 1819)
LAMARCK, J. B. 1819. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent. Tome sixième, Premier partie, 343 p. Chez l'Auteur, au Jardin du Roi. De l'imprimerie de A. Belin. Paris, 1819. [p. 178]
1819 Pecten lividus Lamarck, 1819
1828 Ostrea tegula W. Wood, 1828
1835 Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1835
1939 Scaeochlamys livida peroniana Iredale, 1939
1828 Ostrea tegula W. Wood, 1828
1835 Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1835
1939 Scaeochlamys livida peroniana Iredale, 1939
Pecten lividus Lam.; G. B. Sowerby II, 1842, Thesaurus Conchiliorum, Monograph of the Genus Pecten, plate 14, figures 89, 91.
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«58. Peigne livide. Pecten lividus.
P. testâ ovato-rotundatâ, fusco futvoque rubente variâ; radiis novem aut decem majoribus, imbricato-squamosis, cum minoribus subnudis, interpositis; intus rubro-lividâ. Habite les mers de la NouvelIe Hollande, au port du Roi Georges. Mus. n°. Coquille fort rembrunie en dessus, avec des taches livides. Ses écailles sont assez grandes, surtout celles de l'extrémité des rayons. Largeur, 45 millimètres.» JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK, 1819
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«Description. Shell up to c. 80 mm high, most specimens smaller than 50 mm; solid, elongate, weakly inflated, left valve of most specimens more convex than right; inequivalve, inequilateral, auricles highly unequal in shape and size, umbonal angle c. 80–85°; most specimens brown or purple, a few specimens white, cream, yellow, orange or red, weakly maculated with dots and/or streaks.
Left valve sculptured with 9–11 unevenly spaced, strongly squamous radial plicae, varying in prominence, with 1–4 interstital riblets on central part of disc, reducing in prominence or lacking near ventral margin. Right valve with finer sculpture of c. 18–26 more clustered, unevenly spaced, squamous radial costae, also varying in prominence and extending to ventral margin. Shagreen microsculpture in radial interspaces early in ontogeny, and well-developed on anterior auricle of left valve, almost lacking on right valve. Antimarginal microsculpture in radial interspaces in early radial stage on both valves, also on posterior area of disc in late growth stage on left valve, and on anterior area of disc on right valve, lacking in specimens over 50 mm high. Anterior auricles much larger and longer than posterior ones, bearing 6–10 squamous radial costae on left valve and 3–5 weaker ones on right valve. Byssal notch deep, byssal fasciole broad. Functional ctenolium well-developed, with 5–7 teeth. Hinge with resilial and dorsal teeth prominent in mature specimens. Dimensions. Illustrated specimens: QLD, Moreton Bay, off Peel Island, 9 m (AM C.097513): rv: H 60.4, L 59.0 m; lv: H 61.9, L 62.9 mm; D 22.2 mm (all dimensions include the prominent scales); Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard (Fig. 76B, E): one of three syntypes (pr) MNHN-IM-2000-21186: lv: H 46 mm, L 45 mm, rv: H 42.6 mm, L 41.1 mm; D = 16 mm [scales included]. This specimen is figured in Quoy & Gaimard (1835: pl. 76, figs 4–6) and in Chenu (1843: pl. 22, figs 2–2b). Citations on the internet are: MNHN (MNHN, 2018) and in WoRMS: Aphia ID: 393328 = Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1835.
Habitat. Living in the littoral zone, byssally attached under stones and to rocks, metal objects and jetty piles. Scaeochlamys livida possibly was introduced into Western Australia recently, as it did not appear in the WAM collection prior to 1967. It has now become exceedingly common in the Fremantle/Rottnest/Cockburn Sound area. It may have begun to displace Mimachlamys asperrima, which formerly occupied these same areas. Whether the environment near Fremantle has become better suited to Scaeochlamys livida and less suited to Mimachlamys asperrima, or whether recruitment of juveniles of the former species is more efficient than the latter has not yet been determined. In the eastern states, Scaeochlamys livida is common in similar habitats, particularly near Sydney, but most specimens do not grow as large as in Western Australia. Many specimens are distorted due to its byssal attachment to hard substrates.
Distribution. New Caledonia, southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. For colonization in Western Australia see Morrison and Wells (2008). Present specimens alive at 4–51 m.
Remarks. This species could easily be confused with the equal-sized, closely similar congeneric species, Scaeochlamys squamea, known from the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Scaeochlamys livida can be distinguished from S. squamea by its larger size (up to 80 mm high, S. squamea up to 60 mm), its coarser radial sculpture with hypertrophied scales (S. squamea has narrower costae with less developed scales), its almost lacking antimarginal sculpture in early radial stage (in S. squamea antimarginal microsculpture is present and prominent on most specimens), and in most specimens being brown or purple (S. squamea has more colour gradations and colour patterns).»
DIJKSTRA, H. H. & A. G. BEU. 2018. Living scallops of Australia and adjacent waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 70 (2): 113-330, figs. 1-102.[p. 258]
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Scaeochlamys livida (Lamarck); H. H. Dijkstra & A. G. Beu, 2018, Living scallops of Australia and adjacent waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), figures 76B, 76E, 76G, 76I, 78A, 78C.
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«Lamarck described this species from a specimen in the Paris Museum from King George's Sound, West Australia, apparently collected by Péron and Lesueur. It was not figured, but it is very curious that Quoy and Gaimard named and figured a Pecten foliaceus from the same locality, especially as they were working at the Museum. In ühe meantime Wood, in England, had figured Ostrea tegula from a shell in Mrs. Mawe's collection.
Twenty years later, monographing the "genus" Pecten, Reeve figured a Sydney shell under the name Pecten tegula Wood, commenting, "Distinguished from all other Pectens by its irregular foliaceous-scaled Spondylus-like growth". At the same time he used Pecten lividus, as of Lamarck, for a very different shell, but never mentioned P. foliaceus Quoy and Gaimard. Subsequently the errors were continued, and then we find Dautzenberg and Bavay recording that the tropical shells, commonly regarded as lividus, were not Lamarck's species, but should be referred to squamosus Gmelin. Specimens from New Caledonia received from the Paris Museum, with a label "Pecten lividus Lmck., non Auct., var.: tegula Wood ", are, however, of the true lividus style. While lividus, as shown above, was described from King George's Sound, West Australia, and the locality confirmed by Quoy and Gaimard, with their Pecten foliaceus, and a species called lividus, is common about Sydney, there is no record from South Australia, Tasmania or Victoria, so that instead of the group being a southern one it is apparently a northern series. Quoy and Gaimard's illustration is not unlike the New South Wales shell, but the swollen left valve and the flattened right valve and the fewer ribs appear to separate the western form, which must be emphasized on account of the discontinuous distribution. However, the figure given by Wood for his O. tegula is of a shell 2½ in. long and much narrower than high, whereas the local shells are all comparatively broad and have more strong ribs, the figure only showing eight at the most; the Sydney shell has twelve or more ribs. As Wood had West Australian shells at his disposal, the only course open is the designation of King George's Sound, West Australia, as the type locality of Ostrea tegula Wood, and thus dispose of the name. Probably the the is lost. Thus the only possible course is the description of the Eastern Australian shell as Scaeochlamys livida peroniana.» IREDALE, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1.. In: Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29, B.M.(N.H.), Scientific Reports, 5 (6): 209-425, pls. 1-7. [p. 354, 355]
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Scaeochlamys livida (Lamarck, 1819); B. K. Raines & G. T. Poppe, 2006, A Conchological Iconography, The Family Pectinidae, plates 178, 179 (non plate 179 figure 1: Scaeochlamys squamea Dijkstra & Maestrati 2009; fide H. H. Dijkstra & P. Maestrati, 2009, p. 45.)
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