Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904)
BAVAY, A. 1904. Description de quelques nouvelles espèces du genre Pecten et rectifications. Journal de Conchyliologie [5e Série], 52 [6] (3): 197-206 [p. 197, pl. 6, figs. 1-2]
1904 Chlamys hirasei Bavay, 1904
1904 Chlamys hirasei var. ecostata Bavay, 1904
1905 Pecten awajiensis Pilsbry, 1905
1906 Pecten pulchellimus Tokunaga, 1906
1926 Pecten atsumiensis Yokoyama, 1926
1928 Pecten teilhardi Grabau & King, 1928
1928 Chlamys solaris var. peitaihoensis Grabau & King, 1928
1904 Chlamys hirasei var. ecostata Bavay, 1904
1905 Pecten awajiensis Pilsbry, 1905
1906 Pecten pulchellimus Tokunaga, 1906
1926 Pecten atsumiensis Yokoyama, 1926
1928 Pecten teilhardi Grabau & King, 1928
1928 Chlamys solaris var. peitaihoensis Grabau & King, 1928
A. Bavay, 1904, plate 6.
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«Testa subcrassa, parum convexa, aequilateralis, fere aequivalvis, lateribus perlongis, margine brevi, undulato.
Auriculae ingentes, subaequales, productae, triangulares, valva supera convexior, tredecim aut quatuordecim costata; costae rotundatae, parum eminentes, quam interstita valde majores nec omnino regulares; costae valvae inferae minores, interstitia majora. Sinulus trapeziformis. Color fusco-purpureus, spadiceo marmoratus, aut luteo-griseus, in valva dextra pallidior. Dim. testae, : alt.: 40 mm, lat.: 40 mm, crass.: 12 mm. id. auricularum: lat.: 28 mm. Habitat : mare japonicum. Var. β, ecostata (PI. VI, fig. 7, 8) : costis omnino evanidis.
Coquille assez épaisse équilalérale, presque équivalve, à côtés très allongés, à bord court et ondulé. Les oreillettes sont grandes, subégales, dilatées et triangulaires, les antérieures sont les plus grandes, elles sont costulées, sauf l'oreillette postérieure de la valve inférieure. La valve supérieure plus convexe est ornée de 13 à 14 côtes arrondies, peu proéminentes, plus larges que les intervalles qui les sépareiit; ces côtes sont un peu irrégulières et leur relief varie beaucoup d'un individu à un autre. Sur la valve inférieure les côtes sont plus petites que les intervalles. Le sinus trapèziforme est assez marqué. Appareil cardinal formé d'un seul repli: le supérieur, l'inférieur est à peine indiqué. La couleur de la coquille est brune plus ou moins pourprée et plus ou moins foncée, marbrée de jaune ou de blanc sale; elle est plus pâle sur la valve inférieure. Var β. Dans cette variété les côtes ont complètement disparu. Habite le Japon où elle a été récoltée par le naturaliste Y. Hirase de Kyoto. Le Muséum de Paris en possède plusieurs exemplaires recueillis par Allart. Le Muséum d'Amsterdam et plusieurs collections particulières le possèdent également. Cette espèce comme P. ambiguus appartient au groupe des Chlamys tranquebaricus, singaporinus, pica.» ARTHUR BAVAY, 1904
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«Chlamys solaris [Born, 1778] var. peitaihoensis Grabau & King, 1928b: 98; 1928e: 38; 1928f: 86, 168, not figured.
Material Examined
Syntypes, MBM280625 (ex GKLNH, 1 rv, 1 lv; labeled “Pecten solaris Born var. peitaihoensis Grabau & King”), Peitaiho, July 1925. Modern Status
Synonym of Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904) (H. K. Dijkstra, pers. commun., 29 Nov. 2013). Remarks
Although this species was not figured, it is clear from the description and syntypes that it is Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904).» COAN, E. V., K. A. LUTAENKO, J. ZHANG & Q. SUN. 2015. The molluscan taxa of A. W. Grabau & S. G. King (1928) and their types. Malacologia, 58 (1/2): 179-224, figs. 1-38. [p. 192]
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Chlamys solaris var. peitaihoensis Grabau & King, 1928; E. V. Coan, K. A. Lutaenko, J. Zhang & Q. Sun, 2015, The molluscan taxa of A. W. Grabau & S. G. King (1928) and their types, figures 11A-11D.
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«Pecten teilhardi Grabau & King, 1928b: 98–99; 1928e: 39; 1928f: 87–88, 168, 258, pl. 3, fig. 21a, b.
Material Examined
MBM280624 (ex MZFIBCS, 1 lv), Beidaihe. Modern Status
Synonym of Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904). Remarks
Wang (1990, 2002) regarded this species as a synonym of Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904), as did Raines & Poppe (2006: 328–330, 340, 354, pl. 287, figs. 1–7) and Huber (2010: 203, 625).» COAN, E. V., K. A. LUTAENKO, J. ZHANG & Q. SUN. 2015. The molluscan taxa of A. W. Grabau & S. G. King (1928) and their types. Malacologia, 58 (1/2): 179-224, figs. 1-38. [p. 192]
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Pecten teilhardi Grabau & King, 1928; E. V. Coan, K. A. Lutaenko, J. Zhang & Q. Sun, 2015, The molluscan taxa of A. W. Grabau & S. G. King (1928) and their types, figures 10A, 10B.
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«Non-sexually determined sculpture dimorphisms may actually be widespread phenomena in fossil and extant pectinids. Sometimes different species-group names have been used for such a pair of phenotypes. As I have discussed in a preliminary manner (Hayami, 1985), Volachlamys hirasei (Pilsbry) [sic] and V. awajiensis (Pilsbry) from west Japan, East Chi na Sea and Yellow Sea are morphologically discontinuous, but are nothing but an intrapopulational dimorphic pair. The former must be the mutant-type and has the nomenclatural priority.»
HAYAMI, I. 1992. A bearer of population paleontology. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 28: 127-129. [p. 128]
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Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904); B. K. Raines & G. T. Poppe, 2006, A Conchological Iconography, The Family Pectinidae, pl. 287.
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«Because the examinations in earlier chapters accumulated much biological information regarding the two forms (awajichihiro and yaminonishiki) of Volachlamys hirasei, this chapter discusses the taxonomic treatment of the two forms with some other relative living species, based on the biological information.
As mentioned in Chapter 1, the two forms of Hirase's scallop Volachlamys hirasei traditionally have been treated as subspecies of awajichihiro V. hirasei awajiensis (strong costae form) and yaminonishiki V. hirasei hirasei (weak costae form) (Habe and Kosuge, 1967; Kira, 1972; Habe, 1977; Habe and Okutani, 1985). On the other hand, some are of the opinion that the two forms should be treated as the same species based on the view that the two forms are regarded as an intraspecific morphological variation (Abbott and Dance, 1983; Matsukuma, 1986; Bernard et al., 1993; Kato and Fukuda, 1996). Because it was concluded by the present analytical studies that the two forms of V. hirasei represent an intraspecific morphological variation, the former opinion is denied. Consequently, the latter opinion is supported. Although there is no exact criterion to define the subspecies, an opinion insists that the subspecies are populations with definitely distinct geographic distributions, and they do not have reproductive isolation when the geographic barrier is removed (Sasaji, 1989). Following this opinion, it is obvious that the two forms of V. hirasei are not recognized as being subspecies. Concerning scientific names of the two forms of V. hirasei, as mentioned in Chapter 1, the species name of Pecten awajiensis was given to the awajichihiro form by Pilsbry (1905), and that of Chlamys hirasei was given to the yaminonishiki form by Bavay (1904). Because the present analytical studies concluded that the two forms are the identical species, the description by Bavay (1904), which was published earlier, is the valid name. Consequently, the name of Pecten awajiensis is its junior synonym. In conclusion, the scientific name of the Hirase's scallop is Volachlamys hirasei (Bavay). As for the Japanese names, when the two forms are treated as subspecies, they are separately called awajichihiro and yaminonishiki; however, they should be unified because they were concluded to be the identical species. On the frequencies of the awajichihiro and yaminonishiki forms in the Seto Inland Sea, the former is fairly dominant in the level of about twice of the latter (see Chapter 2); also, the dominance of the awajichihiro form is inferred in the Ariake Sea (Sato, 1975). Consequently, it is proposed to unify the Japanese name of Volachlamys hirasei as "awajichihiro," which is the dominant form in the population and the symbolic morphology in the species. On the other hand, the awajichihiro and yaminonishiki forms, which are regarded to be the intraspecific morphological variation, should be taxonomically distinctly treated because the two forms can be completely identified with the strength of the radial costae (Sato, 1975; Hayami, 1985; also see Chapter 2). In the description of Chlamys hirasei (Bavay, 1904), the author defines an individual of the yaminonishiki form, in which the radial costae are weak and the shell surface is almost smooth, as Var. β ecostata. His paper also includes a description of a new species of Chlamys ambiguus from China, which is similar to the awajichihiro form in appearance. Based on those matters, Hayami (1985) defined the yaminonishiki form as Volachlamys hirasei var. ecostata. Further, he identified Chlamys ambiguus with the awajichihiro form, rewrote the specific name, and defined the awajichihiro form as V. hirasei var. ambigua. These definitions are entirely followed by Okutani et al. (1989).» YOKOGAWA, K. 2005. Biological characteristics and phylogeny of the genus Volachlamys (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from Japan. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Kochi University in August, 2005. [p. 47, 48]
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Volachlamys hirasei; K. Yokogawa, 2005, Biological characteristics and phylogeny of the genus Volachlamys from Japan, figure 19, left valves (above); figure 20, right valves (below).
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«Hayami (1985) also regarded Pecten solaris and Pecten teilhardi from the Bohai Sea (Grabau and King, 1928) as identical species to V. hirasei. Among those, Pecten solaris Born is the awajichihiro type species. Although Grabau and King (1928) described the radial costae number as 16 in their text, about 20 costae can be counted in the specimens illustrated there. Further, the shell coloration differs from that of V. hirasei, making it difficult to classify the coloration of the illustrated specimen into any of the V. hirasei color patterns defined in Chapter 2. In terms of such morphological characteristics as the shell shape, radial costae number and coloration, the species Pecten solaris is more similar to Chlamys pica (Reeve), also from China (a photograph and a picture are illustrated in Wang et al. [1988] and Zheng [1989], respectively), and Volachlamys singaporina (Sowerby), from Southeast Asia (a photograph is illustrated in Abbott and Dance [1983]), than to V. hirasei, inferring that those species are identical with one another.
On the other hand, regarding the morphology of Pecten teilhardi, the yaminonishiki type species that was newly described by Grabau and King (1928), the left valve of the specimen type in the description shows almost no costae. This species also is described in Wang et al. (1988) with a clear photograph. Although P. teilhardi is similar in appearance to the yaminonishiki form in V. hirasei, it has the characteristics of shell length being larger than shell height, and has considerably large auricles.». YOKOGAWA, K. 2005. Biological characteristics and phylogeny of the genus Volachlamys (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) from Japan. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Kochi University in August, 2005. [p. 49, 50]
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