Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875)
MONTEROSATO, T. A. DI. 1875. Poche note sulla Conchiologia Mediterranea. Palermo. Tipografia del Giornale de Sicilia. [p. 6]
1853 Pecten philippii Récluz, 1853
1875 Pecten commutatus Monterosato, 1875 [nomen novum pro Pecten philippii Récluz, 1853]
1890 Pecten atlanticus E. A. Smith, 1890
2001 Aequipecten commutatus peripheralis Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001
1875 Pecten commutatus Monterosato, 1875 [nomen novum pro Pecten philippii Récluz, 1853]
1890 Pecten atlanticus E. A. Smith, 1890
2001 Aequipecten commutatus peripheralis Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001
Pecten philippii; M. C. Récluz, 1853, Description de coquilles nouvelles, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16.
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«14. P. commutatus, Monterosato = P. Philippii, Récluz."
Un altro Pecten che porta la denominazione di P. Philippii, fu pubblicato anteriormente, da Michelotti, come un fossile del miocene di Tortona. Diversi paleontologhi, fra cui Hörnes, lo citano come sinonimo del P. duodecim-lamellatus di Bronn. Michelotti fa menzione di questa ultima specie e ne assegna le differenze. Nel museo di Pisa trovasi un tipico esemplare del P. Philippii fossile di Tortona. Esso è di una forma un poco allungata, levigato al di fuori e con 6 ad, 8 raggi nelle pareti interne della conchiglia. Il P. duodecim-lamellatus è in vece orbicolara, più piccolo, concentricamente striato e con 12 raggi interni. Altre differenze si osservano nella forma delle orecchiètte. Entrambi appartengono alla sezione Pleuronectia. L'analogo fossile deI P. commutatus si trova nella Ostrea dubia di Brocchi (= P. scabrellus, Lamk.), ma questi due ultimi autori assegnano un minor numero di coste alla loro specie, ch'è inoltre più grande e più obliqua della conchiglia Mediterranea. Esemplari identici alla specie vivente si trovano fossili nel Bolognese ed altri punti. Io l'ho notato, nei fossili di Monte Pellegrino. Il P. Philippii di Acton (1855), appartiene alla specie seguente.» TOMMASO DI MARIA ALLERY, MARCHESE DI MONTEROSATO, 1875
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«commutatus, Pecten [Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875)]
1875c: 6 [XIV: 282] — available name Type material. MNHN–IM–2000–24361— Holotype, Sicily. Historical material. MCZR–M–13542—2 sh. “Palermo” ex showed PBE (1976) // 7 sh and 2 v “P. Philippii Recluz = P. gibbus Auctorum non L. Palermo, S. Vito” Type locality. Sicily (Pecten philippii Récluz, 1853). Remarks. Replacement name for Pecten philippii, Récluz 1853 non Michelotti (1839). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875).» APPOLLONI, M., C. SMRIGLIO, B. AMATI, L. LUGLIÈ, I. NOFRONI, L. P. TRINGALI, P. MARIOTTINI & M. OLIVERIO. 2018. Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma. Zootaxa, 4477 (1): 001-138. [p. 78]
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«According to Ardovini et al. (2004, Guinea-Bissau), Nicklès (1955, Congo), Gofas (1986, Angola, as aff. solidulus) A. commutatus seems to extend much further south than just Senegal. It appears that peripheralis and atlanticus are end of range forms of the widely distributed and variable commutatus.»
HUBER, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. 901 p., CD-ROM. ConchBooks. Hackenheim, Germany. [p. 625]
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Aequipecten commutatus peripheralis Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001; B. K. Raines & G. T. Poppe, 2006, A Conchological Iconography. The Family Pectinidae, plate 244, figure 4.
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«Distribution. — Mediterranean Sea and adjacent region of the Atlantic, west to the Azores and south to Senegal. Living sublittorally to bathyal depths on sandy, corallinous or rocky bottoms. Depth range of present material 0-2465 m, living at 15-300 m.
Description. — Shell up to c. 40 mm in height, usually smaller, solid, orbicular somewhat wider than high, inequivalve, inequilateral, slightly posteriorly oblique. Left valve more convex than right valve. Auricles unequal in size; umbonal angle c. 105°. Both valves sculptured with 16-18 regularly arranged, radial ribs with fine grooves near ventral margin and hollow sections or when dammaged with remnants of commarginal lamellae on sides. Hinge line straight. Byssal notch obsolete. Active ctenolium weak. Colour variable, white, creamy, yellowish, orange, pinkish, purple or brown, usually maculated or uniformly coloured. Remarks. — The St Helena-morph, Pecten atlanticus E. A. Smith, 1890, slightly differs from the type material in having a more oblique shape, less orbicular (higher than wide) and less radial ribs (14-16).» DIJKSTRA, H. H. & J. GOUD. 2002. Pectinoidea (Bivalvia, Propeamusidae & Pectinidae) collected during the Dutch CANCAP and MAURITANIA expeditions in the south-eastern region of the North Atlantic Ocean. CONCAP-Project contribution Nº 127. Basteria, 66: 31-81, figs. 1-77. [p. 72]
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Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875); H. H. Dijkstra & J. Goud, 2002, Pectinoidea collected during the Dutch CANCAP and MAURITANIA expeditions, figure 77.
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«For Monterosato's European species, previously considered a representative of Argopecten, P. commutatus is the correct name. The following are synonyms: P. gibbus Philippi, 1836 (non Linnaeus, 1758, nec Lamarck, 1819), P. philippii Récluz, 1853 (non Michelotti, 1839), P. atlanticus Smith, 1890.
As Waller (1969: 33) has pointed out, this species differs from all Argopecten in the following characters: (1) the auricles are distinctly unequal in length, the posterior margin of the posterior auricle forming an oblique angle with the dorsal margin, (2) the microsculpture of the valves is different, and (3) the flanks of the valves have fine but distinct riblets. P. flabellum (Gmelin, 1791) from the West African coast may be distinguished from Argopecten species by the same characters. In these characters both P. commutatus and P. flabellum closely resemble Aequipecten Fischer, 1886. The microsculpture initially consists of concentric lamellae in the interspaces of the ribs which distally are replaced by radiating riblets covered with lamellae. Riblets covered with lamellae are also present on the ribs. A similar type of microsculpture is observed in Aequipecten The form of the auricles of both P. commutatus and P. flabellum is nearly the same as in Aequipecten. Nevertheless, these two species are so different in other respects that I hereby propose a new subgenus of Aequipecten.» WAGNER, H. P. 1985. Notes on type material of the family Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) 3. On the identity of Pecten solidulus Reeve, 1853, and Pecten commutatus Monterosato, 1875. Basteria, 49: 81-84. [p. 82-84]
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Perapecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875); H. P. Wagner, 1991, Review of the European Pectinidae, plate 3, figure 5.
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«A. commutatus is a particularly impressive species, because it often displays a hollow structure of radial ribs somewhat similar to Cryptopecten, and because some dimorphism is observed in the surface sculpture (Fig. 25). Among several samples of this species in the National Museum of Natural History which I have examined, the sample USNM 764279 from Morocco (off Melilla, 20 fms) is the largest, consisting of 35 complete conjoined valves. In 28 individuals of this sample, each flat-topped radial rib is accompanied by a pair of narrow hollow parts which are covered with fine imbricated scales. On the other hand, hollow structure is completely absent at all in the seven remaining individuals. Although this dimorphic phenomenon should be studied on the basis of more samples and field observation, this may provide a clue to the origin of hollow structure. At the least, it seems to suggest that hollow structure has spread in the populations of A. commutatus through phenotypic substitution. In many respects A. commutatus and its allies appear to be intermediate between typical Aequipecten and Cryptopecten.»
HAYAMI, I. 1984. Natural history and evolution of Cryptopecten (A Cenozoic-Recent Pectinid Genus). The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Bulletin, 24: 1-149, pls. 1-13. [p. 92]
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Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato); I. Hayami, 1984, Natural history and evolution of Cryptopecten, fig. 25.
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«Rapports et différences. — Ch. bollenensis est l'espèce fossile la plus proche. Les quelques mesures données au début montrent que Ch. commutata est moins transverse, la ligne cardinale est plus courte. Par contre, l'inégalité des oreilles est très variable.
Les côtes de la valve droite sont aussi chez Ch. commutata plus serrées, et l'ornementation radiale est plus réduite. Répartition stratigraphique et géographique. - Nous ne la connaissons que d'un petit nombre de localités: couches quaternaires à Strombus de Ravagnese, Sicilien de Balestrate, Calabrien de Carrubare et de Musala; toutes sont situées en Italie méridionale. L'espèce n'existe pas dans le Pliocène ancien. Actuellement, elle se trouverait, assez rare, sur le fonds coralligènes et dans la zone des Laminaires, de la Méditerranée et jusqu'aux Canaries.» ROGER, J. 1939. Le genre Chlamys dans les formations néogènes de l'Europe. Conclusions générales sur la répartition géographique et stratigraphique des Pectinidés du Tertiare Récent. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France [Nouvelle série], 17 (2-4):1-294, pls. 1-28.
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Chlamys commutata de Monterosato: J. Roger, 1939, Le genre Chlamys dans les formations néogènes de l'Europe, pl. 14, figs. 13a, 13b.
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