Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791)
GMELIN, J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linné, Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus differentis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars VI. Classis VI. Vermes Species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 13th edition, Aucta, Reformata, 3021-3910 p. Impensis Georg Emanuel Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 1791 [p. 3335]
1791 Ostrea spondyloidea Gmelin, 1791
1798 Ostrea pedum Röding, 1798
1939 Pedum pedum intensum Iredale, 1939
1798 Ostrea pedum Röding, 1798
1939 Pedum pedum intensum Iredale, 1939
Ostrea Spondyloidea; J. H. Chemnitz, 1785, Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Band 8, plate 72, figures 669, 670.
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«spondyloidea. 109. O. testa aequivalvi pellucida complanata ovali rostrata glabra: valva superiore striis granulatis perpendicularibus undulatis, margine acutissimo.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 72. f. 669. 670. Habitat in India, testa 2 lineas ultra 3 pollices longa et 5. l. ultra 2 p. lata alba: maculis rarioribus spadiceus.» JOHANN FRIEDRICH GMELIN, 1791
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«Type data. — Ostrea spondyloidea Gmelin: Holotype [sensu Nielsen, 1986: 8, figs 3A-B; Dijkstra & Knudsen, 1998: 79; Dijkstra & Kilburn, 2001: 294 = lectotype under Art. 74.6] (H 78.5 mm, pv), the specimen in the Moltke collection illustrated by Chemnitz, ZMUC BIV-57. Type locality: India.
Ostrea pedum Röding: Type material lost. Type locality: Unknown. Pedum pedum intensum Iredale: Holotype (H 55 mm, pv) AMS C.90353. Type locality: Australia, N Queensland, Great Barrier Reef, Low Isles, anchorage, in Porites. Material examined. — Philippines: PMBP 2004, Stn R14, 6-8 m, 2 pv (A); Stn R43, 3-41 m, 2 pv; Stn R51, 2-52 m, 2 pv (A); Stn S25, 21 m, 1 v.
Description. — Shell solid, up to 100 mm high, most specimens 50-70 mm, shape rendered extremely variable by mode of life, transversely oblong in juvenile stage, dorsoventrally elongate in mature stage, left valve flattened, right valve weakly inflated, laterally curved; strongly inequivalve and inequilateral, auricles of left valve not clearly differentiated, of right valve more distinct and unequal than in left valve; whitish or cream, with lateral and umbonal purple spots on right valve, left valve with purple or brown patches or streaks. Left valve sculptured with numerous delicate, unevenly spaced, scabrous radial riblets, very weak or lacking near ventral margin in mature stage. Right valve with microscopic, closely spaced scabrous radial riblets in early growth stage and closely spaced commarginal lamellae laterally, more prominent near antero-marginal area. Dorsal margin of anterior auricle strongly declined. Byssal notch deep, byssal fasciole rather broad. Functional ctenolium lacking. Outer ligament strongly developed in ventral direction. Resilial insertion elongate, narrow and deflecting. Hinge teeth lacking.
Distribution. — Throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific, from southern Japan southwards to northern Australia, westwards into the Indian Ocean into the Red Sea and southwards to South Africa, eastwards into the central Pacific to French Polynesia (not recorded from the Hawaiian Islands) (Raines & Poppe, 2006: 224). Present specimens from the Philippines alive in 6-8 m (minimum depth range). Bathymetric range of live-taken specimens intertidally to 26 m (ZMA, unpubl. data). Living embedded in massive heads of scleractinian corals. Remarks. — The present specimens from the Philippines are morphologically identical to the type material. This coral dwelling species is highly variable in shape, due to xenomorphic development in fissures of massive heads of the coral Porites. For information on the functional morphology and ecology of Pedum see Yonge (1967), Waller (1972), Nielsen (1986), Kleemann (1990, 2001), and Savazzi (1998).» DIJKSTRA, H. H. 2013. Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands. Vita Malacologica, 10: 1-108, pls. 1-32. [p. 74, 76]
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Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791); H. H. Dijkstra, 2013, Pectinoidea from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands, plate 19, figures 6a-3d; plate 20, figures 6a, 6b (juvenile).
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«So far as known, Pedum spondyloideum, which is the only species in the genus Pedum Lamarck, 1799, is morphologically distinct from all known species of Pectinidae. The only other pectinid taxon resembling Pedum is the monotypic Hemipecten Adams & Reeve, 1850, represented by H. forbesianus of deep waters in the western Pacific (illustrated by HERTLEIN, 1969. fig, C76). Unlike Pedum, Hemipecten has a ctenolium throughout growth, a relatively stationary outer ligament and consequently a less high and narrow resilium, a byssal notch that does not transect previously fomed shell, and a smooth exterior with fine Camptonectes microsculpture throughout growth.
Remarks on Synonymy
IREDALE (1939, p. 341) rejected Gmelin's species name Ostrea spondyloidea on the grounds that it is a junior homonym ol Ostrea spondyloidea Meuschen, 1781, thereby
giving priority to the name Ostrea pedum Röding, 1798. However, Meuschen's work has now been rejected for nomenclatorial purposes (Opinion 261, Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature), so that the name Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791) retains priority. Iredale's introduction of a new subspecific name for his Australian specimen because "it is smaller and comparatively broader than the typical form" is without significance in view of the growth and living habit of Pedum discussed below.» WALLER,
T. R. 1972. The Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of Eniwetock Atoll,
Marshall Islands. The Veliger, 14 (3): 221-264, pls. 1-8. [p. 256]
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Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791); T. R. Waller, 1972, The Pectinidae of Eniwetock Atoll, plate 8, figures 136-143.
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