Laevichlamys superficialis (Forsskål, 1775)
FORSKÅL, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forsskål. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Moller, Copenhagen, xxxiv, 140 p. [p. 123]
1775 Ostrea superficialis Forsskål, 1775
1784 Pecten sulphureus Chemnitz, 1784 [invalid publication]
1928 Chlamys squamosa var. decoriata Jousseaume in Lamy, 1928
1784 Pecten sulphureus Chemnitz, 1784 [invalid publication]
1928 Chlamys squamosa var. decoriata Jousseaume in Lamy, 1928
Pecten sulphureus; J. H. Chemnitz, 1784, Neues Systematisches Conchylien Cabinet, Band 7, plate 66, figure 629.
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«OSTREA SUPERFICIALIS; testae cistis planiusculis, inaequalibus: (saepe alternis latioribus) squamis erectis, imbricatis. Subrotunda; utrinque depressa, costis parum elatis, planatis, inaequalibus.
Testa 2. poll longa: pellucens, violacea, fragilis. Sués» PETRUS FORSSKÅL, 1775
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«OG18: Scaeochlamys: Usually superficialis is considered to live in the Red Sea and ruschenbergerii in Arabian waters. However, Raines & Goto (2006) remarked under ruschenbergerii: “This is a difficult species to identify and it may currently be a variation of L. superficialis”. Indeed, specimens off Eilat, Israel connect these extremes well.
The differences mentioned by Dijkstra, et al. (1984) seem quite variable. Red Sea specimens may reach almost the size of Arabian specimens, they may be as convex, and the fineness of the sculpture is variable. Typical superficialis seems just to represent an uncommon extreme, flat light form of the more common rounded, heavier typical ruschenbergerii form. Superficialis is well depicted in Chemnitz 7 66 630 (arausicanus), likely stemming from Niebuhr’s material as well. Locally, in pristine habitats, this is a very common species. Usually it occurs in reddishbrown color, but orange and white are also found. Superficialis/ruschenbergerii have been generically shifted hence and forth and been placed in Scaeochlamys, Laevichlamys, Azumapecten, sometimes even in different genera. Comparing the type species, then superficialis is perceived closer to livida than to multisquamata.» HUBER, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. 901 pp. + 1 CD-ROM. ConchBooks. Hackenheim, Germany. [p. 626, 627]
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Pecten Arausicanus; J. H. Chemnitz,1784, Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Cabinet, Band 7, plate 66, figure 630.
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«Distribution: Red Sea. Subtidal to littoral depths, living byssally attached to rocks, stones or coral boulders on sandy bottoms.
Remarks: O. superficialis Forsskąl was overlooked by many authors. Only Mörch (1853) mentioned Pallium superficialis ForsskąlI from the Red Sea. Laevichlamys ruschenbergeri (Tryon, 1869) from the northwestern Indian Ocean is closely related to L. superficialis; the former species attaining larger size (up to ca. 100 mm), and being slightly more convex with a finer sculpture, and a more prominent shagreen microsculpture. For description of the present species see Oliver (1992: 75).» DIJKSTRA, H. H. & J. KNUDSEN. 1998. Some Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Pectinidae) of the Red Sea. Molluscan Research, 19 (2): 43-104, pls. 1-10. [p. 78]
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Laevichlamys superficialis (Forskål, 1775); H. H. Dijkstra & J. Knudsen, 1998, Some Pectinoidea of the Red Sea, plate 5, figures 20, 21.
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